Niqmepa

Niqmepa (meninggal skt. 1270 SM) merupakan raja kelima dari raja terakhir Ugarit, sebuah negara kota di barat laut Suriah. Niqmepa adalah seorang kontemporer dari Muršili II dan Hattusili III, raja-raja Het, serta Horemheb dan Seti I dari Mesir.[1] Pemerintahannya didokumentasikan dengan baik oleh teks-teks kuneiform yang ditemukan di Ugarit. Ia bertakhta selama sekitar lima puluh tahun (skt. 1320–1270 SM) menjadikan pemerintahannya sebagai salah satu sejarah Ugarit terpanjang. Ia adalah putra Niqmaddu II, dan saudara serta penerus Arhalba. Arhalba hanya bertakhta selama dua tahun dan terpaksa berabdikasi demi saudaranya oleh raja Het Muršili II setelah usaha yang gagal untuk menyalahkan Mesir atas aliansinya melawan bangsa Het.[2]

Niqmepa dilantik oleh raja Het, Muršili II setelah memaksa mantan raja tersebut, saudaranya Arhalba untuk menurunkan takhta yang mendukungnya [3][2] dan dipaksa untuk menandatangani sebuah perjanjian baru yang menyatakan dengan eksplisit bahwa Ugarit adalah negara bawaan bangsa Het.[2] Perjanjian tersebut mengungkapkan bahwa Niqmepa memiliki sebuah Harem, dan menyatakan bahwa wanita dan anak-anaknya akan bertanggung jawab jika ia gagal menghormati kewajibannya.[4] Pada saat yang sama Ugarit kehilangan kendali wilayah Shiyannu di timur, yang membagi seluruh wilayah yang dikuasai Niqmepa. Pemisahan tersebut dikonfirmasi oleh Muršili II dan Shiyannu ditempatkan di bawah kendali langsung Karkemis, yang diperintah oleh keturunan raja-raja Het sebagai "raja muda". Namun karena hilangnya Shiyannu, dan atas permintaan Niqmepa, upeti Ugarit dikurangi sepertiga. Selama masa pemerintahan Niqmepa, Ugarit sepenuhnya dikelilingi oleh daerah-daerah di bawah kendali bangsa Het.[2]

Niqmepa menikahi putri Ahatmilku dari Kerajaan Amurru di selatan.[4] Setelah masa pemerintahan yang panjang sekitar lima puluh tahun sebagai pengikut empat raja Het, Niqmepa digantikan oleh putranya, Ammittamru II yang kurang dikenal.[2]

Referensi

  1. ^ Sweeney, Emmet John (2007). Empire of Thebes, or, Ages in Chaos Revisited. Algora Publishing. hlm. 128. ISBN 0-87586-480-5. 
  2. ^ a b c d e Kuhrt, Amélie (1995). The Ancient Near East, c. 3000-330 BC. Routledge. hlm. 309. ISBN 0-415-16763-9. 
  3. ^ Watson, Wilfred (1999). Handbook of Ugaritic Studies. hlm. 637. ISBN 9789004109889. 
  4. ^ a b Marsman, Hennie J. (2003). Women in Ugarit and Israel: Their Social and Religious Position in the Context of the Ancient Near East. BRILL. hlm. 660. ISBN 90-04-11732-6. 

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