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Kampanye Gurun Barat
	Bagian dari Kampanye Afrika Utara pada Perang Dunia Kedua
	; Infanteri Australia sedang menjelajahi El Alamein, Oktober, 1942
Tanggal	11 Juni 1940 – 4 Februari 1943; (2 tahun, 7 bulan, 3 minggu dan 3 hari)
Lokasi	Gurun Barat, Mesir dan Libya; 24°N 25°E / 24°N 25°E
Hasil	Kemenangan sekutu
Pihak terlibat
Kekaisaran Britania Britania Raya; India; Palestina; Sudan Inggris-Mesir; Rhodesia Selatan; Australia; Selandia Baru; Afrika selatan; Prancis Merdeka Kekaisaran kolonial Prancis; Polandia Merdeka; Yunani Merdeka; Cekoslowakia Merdeka	Italia; Jerman
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Richard O'Connor (POW); Philip Neame (POW); Noel Beresford-Peirse; Alan Cunningham; Neil Ritchie; Claude Auchinleck; Bernard Montgomery; Leslie Morshead	Italo Balbo †; Rodolfo Graziani; Italo Gariboldi; Ettore Bastico; Erwin Rommel; Georg Stumme †; Ritter von Thoma (POW)

Kampanye Gurun Barat atau Perang Gurun (Desert War) terjadi di gurun Mesir dan Libya, merupakan lokasi utama dalam kampanye Afrika Utara pada Perang Dunia Kedua.

Operasi militer diawali dengan pernyaaan perang Italia terhadap Sekutu pada 10 Juni 1940 untuk merebut Mesir dari Inggris, dimana saat itu ia memiliki lebih dari satu juta orang angkatan perang yang berbasis di Libya, serangan dilancarkan dari Libya menuju mesir pada 13 September 1940. Marshall Rodolfo Graziani bersama lima divisi Italia mulai bergerak cepat ke Mesir tetapi terhenti di depan pertahanan utama Inggris di Mersa Matruh. Meskipun kalah jumlah, Jenderal Archibald Wavell memerintahkan serangan balasan Inggris pada 9 Desember 1940. Italia menderita banyak korban dan terdesak mundur lebih dari 800 km (500 mil). Pasukan Inggris bergerak di sepanjang pantai dan pada 22 Januari 1941, dan berhasil merebut pelabuhan Tobruk di Libya dari Italia.

Benito Mussolini mencari bantuan dari Adolf Hitler dan akhirnya pada Januari 1941, Adolf Hitler mengirim Jenderal Erwin Rommel dan Deutsches Afrikakorps yang baru dibentuk ke Afrika Utara. Rommel melancarkan serangan pertamanya pada 24 Maret 1941, dan setelah seminggu pertempuran dia mendorong Archibald Wavell dan Tentara Inggris keluar dari sebagian besar Libya. Namun, di bawah Letnan Jenderal Leslie Morshead, Inggris berhasil mempertahankan basis pasokan penting di Tobruk.

Archibald Wavell mencoba melakukan serangan balik pada 17 Juni 1941, tetapi pasukannya dihentikan di Halfaya Pass. Tiga minggu kemudian dia digantikan oleh Jenderal Claude Auchinleck.

Catatan kaki

Daftar pustaka

Buku

"Appendix E, H.Q. Cyrenaica Command Intelligence Summary No. 6 (23 Feb 41) WO 169/1258". The National Archives. 23 February 1941. Diakses tanggal 15 March 2015.
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Jurnal

Greene, Jack; Massignani, Alessandro (Jan–Feb 1993). "The Summer of '42: The Proposed Axis Invasion of Malta" (20). Conshohocken, PA: Command Magazine. ISSN 1059-5651.
Jenner, C. J. (2008). "Turning the Hinge of Fate: Good Source and the UK–U.S. Intelligence Alliance, 1940–1942". Diplomatic History. London: Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (Oxford University Press). 32 (2): 165–205. ISSN 0145-2096.
Wavell, Archibald (1946). "Despatch on Operations in the Middle East From August, 1939 to November, 1940". London: War Office. in "No. 37609". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 Juni 1946. hlm. 2997–3006.
Wavell, Archibald (1946). "Despatch on Operations in the Western Desert From 7th December, 1940 to 7th February 1941". London: War Office. in {{London Gazette |issue=37628 |date=26 Juni 1946 |supp=y |pages=3261-3269

Laporan

Roberts, Major-General G. P. B.; Bayerlein, Generalleutnant, Fritz (1956). Basil Liddell Hart, ed. Battle Report: Alam Halfa (Laporan). Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, US Army Command and General Staff College. OCLC 464601329. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-10-21. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2007.
Toppe, Generalmajor Alfred (1990) [~1947]. German Experiences in Desert Warfare During World War II (PDF). The Black Vault (Laporan). II. Washington: U.S. Marine Corps: Historical Division, European Command. FMFRP 12-96-II. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2013. Hapus pranala luar di parameter |website= (bantuan)

Tesis

Christie, Howard R. (1999). Fallen Eagles: The Italian 10th Army in the Opening Campaign in the Western Desert, June 1940 – December 1940 (Tesis MA). Fort Leavenworth, KS: U. S. Army Command and General Staff College. OCLC 465212715. A116763. http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/ref/collection/p4013coll2/id/597. Diakses pada 16 February 2015. Diarsipkan 2015-02-16 di Wayback Machine.

Situs web

"Engagements, 1942". The History of the British 7th Armoured Division. 2001. Diakses tanggal 20 February 2015.

Bacaan tambahan

Buku

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Carver, Field Marshal Lord (1964). Tobruk. Pan Books. ISBN 0-330-23376-9.
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Churchill, Winston S.; Gilbert, Martin (1993). The Churchill War Papers. London: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-01959-4.
Clifford, Alexander (1943). Three against Rommel. London: George G. Harrap. OCLC 480338570.
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Harrison, Frank (1999) [1996]. Tobruk: The Great Siege Reassessed. London: Brockhampton Press. ISBN 1-86019-986-0.
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Laporan

Thompson, D. H. (2002). Discarded Victory: North Africa, 1940–1941 (PDF) (Laporan). USAWC strategy research project. Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College. OCLC 50872739. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-09-24. Diakses tanggal 9 July 2015.
Tosch, D. F. (1987). German Operations in North Africa: A Case Study of the Link Between Operational Design and Sustainment (Report). Command and General Staff College, School of Advanced Military Studies Monograph. Fort Leavenworth, KS: School of Advanced Military Studies U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. OCLC 17455859. ADA 184732. Diakses tanggal 28 March 2015.