Ayam-ayaman

Burung Ayam-ayaman
burung ayam-ayaman jantan di Rawa Basai, Haryana, India
Klasifikasi ilmiah Sunting klasifikasi ini
Domain: Eukaryota
Kerajaan: Animalia
Filum: Chordata
Kelas: Aves
Ordo: Gruiformes
Famili: Rallidae
Genus: Gallicrex
Blyth, 1852
Spesies:
G. cinerea
Nama binomial
Gallicrex cinerea
(Gmelin, 1789)

Burung Ayam-ayaman (Gallicrex cinerea) adalah burung rawa dari keluarga Rallidae. Burung ini adalah spesies satu-satunya dari genus Gallicrex.

Habitat burung ini adalah rawa-rawa di Asia Selatan, Tenggara hingga Timur. Persebarannya meliputi rawa-rawa di Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Filipina, China sampai Jepang. Mereka bersarang dan bertelur di atas tanah di antara tanaman rawa, sebanyak 3-6 butir telur. Burung terbesar dari keluarga Rallidae ini adalah burung penetap dalam kawasan sebaran biologisnya.

Tubuh burung rawa ini dapat dipipihkan agar dapat bergerak melalui celah-celah akar bakau atau semak-semak. Burung ini memiliki jari kaki yang panjang dan ekor yang pendek.

Anak burung Ayam-ayaman di Andhra Pradesh, India.

Burung Ayam-ayaman dewasa jantan berukuran panjang 43 cm (17 in) dan berat 476–650 g (1,049–1,433 pon).[2] Umumnya burung ini memiliki bulu tubuh berwarna hitam-kelabu dengan kaki, paruh, pelindung kepala dan tanduk berwarna kemerahan. Pejantan muda berwarna lebih tegas, yang semakin menghitam seiring usia. Paruhnya kuning dan telurnya berwarna hijau.

Betinanya berukuran lebih kecil yaitu panjang 36 cm (14 in) dan berat 298–434 g (10,5–15,3 oz).[2] Bereka berwarna cokelat gelap dan lebih pucat. Bulunya terdapat pola garis-garis gelap. Paruhnya berwarna kuning dan kakinya berwarna hijau. Bulu anakannya berwarna kehitaman sebagaimana semua keluarga Rallidae.

Burung ini mencari makan dengan memasukan paruhnya ke dalam lumpur atau air dangkal, mereka juga mematuk mangsanya segera begitu terlihat. Mangsanya kebanyakan adalah serangga, ikan kecil, dan biji-bijian. Mereka mencari-cari mangsa di atas permukaan dengan cara menggaruk-garuk tanah. Burung Ayam-ayaman adalah burung yang waspada dan sering bersembunyi, tetapi kadang terlihat di alam terbuka. Mereka adalah burung yang bersuara nyaring, terutama pada saat subuh dan maghrib dengan suara kokokan yang nyaring.

Referensi

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicrex cinerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Diakses tanggal 26 November 2013. 
  2. ^ a b CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5.

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