Szubtrópusok

Szubtrópusok Köppen alapján

A meleg mérsékelt öv vagy szubtrópusok a Föld északi és déli féltekéjén a mérsékelt övnek a 23,5°-tól kb. a 40° szélességi fok közé eső része. Éghajlati viszonyait a trópusi hatások is alakítják. A szubtrópusi területek voltak az ókori társadalmi fejlődés bölcsői, és ma is sűrűn lakott térségek.

Éghajlat

A szubtrópusok jellemző éghajlata a szubtrópusi éghajlat. Ennek két eltérő altípusát különböztetjük meg: a kontinensek nyugati oldalán a télen csapadékos mediterrán éghajlatot, a kontinensek keleti oldalán pedig a nyáron csapadékos szubtrópusi monszun éghajlatot. Az évi középhőmérséklet mindkét éghajlati területen (10–20 °C), de a monszunterületeken a tél jóval hidegebb lehet, mint a mediterrán vidékeken. A csapadék eloszlása mindkét esetben erősen ingadozó. Mindkét éghajlat Eurázsiában a legjellemzőbb. A mediterrán éghajlat többnyire csak kis területen alakul ki, mert a magasabb hegységek megakadályozzák, hogy mélyebben behatoljon a szárazföldek belsejébe. Legnagyobb kiterjedését a Földközi-tenger zárt medencéje körül éri el.

A szubtrópusok szárazföldi területeinek éghajlattípusai:

  • Szubtrópusi éghajlat

ezenkívül helyenként előfordul:

A mediterrán éghajlat területét az Egyenlítő felé haladva a zonális sivatagok váltják fel, amelyekre már a trópusi sivatagi éghajlat jellemző.

Élővilág

Szakállbromélia a tölgyfákon. Georgia (USA)

A szubtrópusok szárazföldi területeinek természetes biomjai:

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