Nátrium-kromát

A nátrium-kromát sárga színű kristályos anyag, képlete Na2CrO4.

Higroszkópos anyag, tetra-, hexa- és dekahidrátokat alkot. Mint minden vízoldható 6 vegyértékű krómvegyület, erősen mérgező és rákkeltő.

Előállítása és reakciói

A krómércek feldolgozásának köztes terméke, azok nátrium-karbonáttal való pörkölésekor keletkezik.

Ezzel a módszerrel a króm vízoldható állapotba kerül, így elkülöníthető a vas oxidjaitól. Általában kalcium-karbonátot is kevernek hozzá, hogy az oxigénfelesleg miatt a szilícium- és alumíniumtartalmú szennyeződések is oldhatatlanok maradjanak. A folyamat hőmérséklete körülbelül 1100 °C.[1] Kisebb volumenű előállításához a krómércet nátrium-hidroxiddal vagy nitráttal hevítve már 350 °C is elegendő.[2] Melléktermékként nátrium-dikromát is keletkezik, ami sok krómvegyület prekurzora.[3] A króm(III)-oxid ipari előállításához nátrium-kromátot hevítenek kénnel.

Savak jelenlétében nátrium-dikromát keletkezik belőle:

Erősebb savak króm-trioxiddá alakítják:

Felhasználása

A kőolajiparban korróziós inhibitorként alkalmazzák,[3] a festékiparban pedig mint segédszínezék szerepel.[3] A vörösvértestek térfogatának meghatározásához szintén használható az egészségügyben.[4]

Bár az iparban alacsonyabb ára miatt elterjedtebb, higroszkópossága miatt a laborban ritkán használják. Legtöbbször kálium-kromáttal helyettesítik, mert az vízmentes formában is elértető. Szerves kémiai reakciókban az elsőrendű alkoholokat karbonsavakká, a másodrendűeket ketonokká oxidálja.

Fordítás

Ez a szócikk részben vagy egészben a Sodium chromate című angol Wikipédia-szócikk ezen változatának fordításán alapul. Az eredeti cikk szerkesztőit annak laptörténete sorolja fel. Ez a jelzés csupán a megfogalmazás eredetét és a szerzői jogokat jelzi, nem szolgál a cikkben szereplő információk forrásmegjelöléseként.

Források

  1. IARC Monographs 49 Ch. 2. ISBN 9789283212492 
  2. Zhi Sun, Yi Zhang, Shi-Li Zheng, Yang Zhang (2009). „A new method of potassium chromate production from chromite and KOH-KNO3-H2O binary submolten salt system”. AIChE Journal 55 (10), 2646–2656. o. DOI:10.1002/aic.11871. 
  3. a b c Ullmann Vegyipari Enciklopédia
  4. Bracco Diagnostics Inc.: chromitope sodium (Sodium Chromate, Cr 51) injection, solution. DailyMed. (Hozzáférés: 2008. június 20.)

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