Semi-Thue sustav

U računarstvu i matematici, Semi-Thue sustav je sustav prepisivanja stringa. Imenovan je po norveškom matematičaru Axelu Thueu, koji je bio pionir u bavljenju sustavima prepisivanja stringa u ranom 20. stoljeću.

Definicija

Neka je konačna abeceda i Kleeneova zatvorenost nad . Tada je Semi-Thue sustav n-torka sa

Elementi od R se zovu produkcije ili pravila (prepisivanja), i obično se pišu kao pravila . Valja uočiti da R može biti beskonačan. Ako je semi-Thue sustav simetričan (tj. ), tada se također zove Thue sustav.

Povijest i važnost

Semi-Thue sustavi su razvijeni kao dio programa koji bi dodao dodatne konstrukte u logiku, te stvorio sustave kao što je propozicijska logika, koji bi omogućili izražavanje općenitih matematičkih teorema u formalnom jeziku, te da tako budu dokazani i verificirani na automatski, mehanički način. Nada je ležala u tome da bi čin dokazivanja teorema tad mogao biti sveden na skup definiranih manipulacija nad skupom stringova. Naknadno se shvatilo da su semi-Thue sustavi izomorfni gramatikama neograničenih produkcija, za koje se zna da su izomorfne Turingovim strojevima. Pa iako je ovaj istraživački program uspio u smislu da računala mogu biti korištena za verificiranje dokaza teorema, nije uspio na spektaluran način: računalo ne može razlikovati između zanimljivog teorema, i onog dozlaboga dosadnog.

Na prijedlog Alonza Churcha, Emil Post je u radu objavljenom 1947. prvi dokazao nerješivost "određenog problema Thuea", što Martin Davis iskazuje kao "...prvi dokaz nerješivosti za problem klasične matematike - u ovom slučaju problem riječi za polugrupe." (Undecidable, str. 292)

Davis tvrdi da je dokaz nezaivsno izveo A. A. Markov (C. R. (Doklady) Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. (n.s.) 55(1947), str. 583-586.

Problem riječi za semi-Thue sustave

Problem riječi za semi-Thue sustave se može iskazati na sljedeći način: Za dani semi-Thue sustav i dvije riječi , može li biti transformiran u primjenom pravila iz ? Ovaj je problem neodlučiv, tj. ne postoji općenit algoritam za rješavanje ovog problema. Ovo vrijedi čak i ako se ograniči ulaz konačnih sustava.

Martin Davis nudi laičkom čitatelju dvostrani dokaz u svom članku What is a Computation?" str. 258-259 s komentarom na str. 257. Davis dokaz izvodi na ovaj način: "izmisli [problem riječi] čije bi rješenje vodilo ka rješenju problema zaustavljanja."

Vidjeti također

Izvori

  • Martin Davis ed. (1965), The Undecidable: Basic Papers on Undecidable Propositions, Unsolvable Problems and Computable Functions, Raven Press, New York.
  • Emil Post (1947), Recursive Unsolvability of a Problem of Thue, pretisak u The Undecidable str. 293 u The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 12 (1947) str. 1-11.
Nedovršeni članak Semi-Thue sustav koji govori o računarstvu treba dopuniti. Dopunite ga prema pravilima Wikipedije.

Read other articles:

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Руснак; Руснак, Александр. Александр Васильевич Руснак Дата рождения 12 декабря 1967(1967-12-12) (55 лет) Место рождения Кишинёв, Молдавская ССР, СССР Гражданство  Россия Профессия актёр, режиссёр, сценарист, писат...

 

American Football team based in the United Kingdom. For the Lincolnshire based Roller Derby team, see Lincolnshire Bombers Roller Girls. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Lincolnshire Bombers – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this templa...

 

Este artículo o sección tiene referencias, pero necesita más para complementar su verificabilidad.Este aviso fue puesto el 12 de octubre de 2012. Pilar Cabot Información personalNacimiento 27 de septiembre de 1940 Vic (España) Fallecimiento 20 de mayo de 2017 (76 años)Nacionalidad EspañolaLengua materna Catalán y español Información profesionalOcupación Poeta y escritora Género Poesía Sitio web pilarcabot.blogspot.com [editar datos en Wikidata] Pilar Cabot i Vila (Vich,...

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Sanggar Bintang Sartika – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Bintang Sartika merupakan salah satu sanggar yang masih aktif dan berada di Jakarta. Sanggar Bintang Sartika ini terletak di Ja...

 

Film Titel Otto – Der neue Film Produktionsland Bundesrepublik Deutschland Originalsprache Deutsch Erscheinungsjahr 1987 Länge 82 Minuten Altersfreigabe FSK 0 Stab Regie Xaver Schwarzenberger, Otto Waalkes Drehbuch Bernd Eilert, Robert Gernhardt, Peter Knorr, Otto Waalkes Produktion Horst Wendlandt Musik Thomas Kukuck, Christoph Leis-Bendorff, Otto Waalkes Kamera Xaver Schwarzenberger, Michael Stöger Schnitt Jutta Hering Besetzung Otto Waalkes: Otto Waalkes Anja Jaenicke: Anna Rettic...

 

American businessman (1926–2010) Donald GoerkeGoerke with his most famous product SpaghettiOsBornDonald Edward Goerke(1926-08-08)August 8, 1926Waukesha, Wisconsin United StatesDiedJanuary 10, 2010(2010-01-10) (aged 83)Alma materCarroll CollegeOccupationBusiness executive Donald Edward Goerke (August 8, 1926 – January 10, 2010) was an American business executive and food developer. While working for the Franco-American division of the Campbell Soup Company in 1965, he invente...

2nd episode of the 2nd season of South Park Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty SlutSouth Park episodeEpisode no.Season 2Episode 2Directed byTrey ParkerWritten byDavid GoodmanTrey ParkerProduction code202Original air dateApril 22, 1998 (1998-04-22)Episode chronology ← PreviousTerrance and Phillip in Not Without My Anus Next →Ike's Wee Wee South Park (season 2)List of episodes Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut is the second episode of the second season of the Ame...

 

Orgel in der Schlosskirche Stettin von 1864 Orgel in Liepāja, erweitert 1885 Die Liste der Grüneberg-Orgeln umfasst sukzessive die Orgeln der Familie Grüneberg, die in Brandenburg an der Havel und Stettin vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert tätig war. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Johann Wilhelm Grüneberg 2 Georg Friedrich Grüneberg 3 August Wilhelm Grüneberg 4 Barnim Grüneberg 5 Felix Grüneberg 6 Literatur 7 Weblinks 8 Einzelnachweise Johann Wilhelm Grüneberg Johann Wilhelm Grüneberg (1751–1...

 

Filipino TV series or program Blow by BlowAlso known asManny Pacquiao Presents: Blow By Blow (2015–2016; 2022–present)GenreSportsBoxingDirected byAbet RamosPresented byVariousStarringVariousTheme music composerDennis MilnerOpening themeAgainst All Odds (instrumental)Ending themeAgainst All Odds (instrumental)Country of originPhilippinesOriginal languagesFilipinoEnglishProductionProducerCarlos Bobong Velez (1994–1999)Camera setupMulti-cameraRunning time60 minutesProduction companies...

For 2009 Kannada-language film, see Shivamani. 2003 Indian filmSivamaniDirected byPuri JagannadhWritten byKona Venkat (dialogues)Screenplay byPuri JagannadhStory byPuri JagannadhProduced byPuri JagannadhStarringNagarjuna AkkineniAsin ThottumkalRakshithaPrakash RajCinematographyShyam K. NaiduEdited byMarthand K. VenkateshMusic byChakriProductioncompanyVaishno AcademyDistributed byDVV EntertainmentsRelease date 23 October 2003 (2003-10-23) Running time143 minutesCountryIndiaLangu...

 

Birds Britannica AuthorMark CockerRichard MabeyCountryUnited KingdomGenreOrnithologyPublisherChatto & WindusPublication date1 September 2005 (2005-09-01)Pages484ISBN0-7011-6907-9Preceded byFlora Britannica Followed byBugs Britannica  Birds Britannica is a book by Mark Cocker and Richard Mabey,[1] about the birds of the United Kingdom, and a sister volume to Mabey's 1996[2] Flora Britannica,[1][2] about British plants. It w...

 

Rapid transit station in Cleveland SuperiorGeneral informationLocation13113 Superior AvenueEast Cleveland, OhioCoordinates41°31′23″N 81°35′32″W / 41.52306°N 81.59222°W / 41.52306; -81.59222Owned byGreater Cleveland Regional Transit AuthorityLine(s)NS Lake Erie DistrictCSX Cleveland Short Line SubdivisionPlatforms1 island platformTracks2Connections HealthLine RTA: 3, 35, 40[1]ConstructionStructure typeEmbankmentParking91 spaces[2]Bicycle faci...

2008 British filmShiftyTheatrical release posterDirected byEran CreevyWritten byEran CreevyProduced byRory AitkenBen PughStarringRiz AhmedDaniel MaysJason FlemyngNitin GanatraFrancesca AnnisMusic byMolly Nyman Harry Escott Ben DrewProductioncompaniesBetween the EyesFilm London MicrowaveBBC FilmsDistributed byMetrodome DistributionRelease dates 24 October 2008 (2008-10-24) (London Film Festival) 24 April 2009 (2009-04-24) (United Kingdom) Running time86 mi...

 

Condensed matter physicist This biographical July 2022 is written like a résumé. Please help improve it by revising it to be neutral and encyclopedic. (August 2022) Vincent MeunierMeunier in 2022Born (1974-06-23) 23 June 1974 (age 49)Bastogne, BelgiumCitizenshipUnited States; BelgiumAlma materUniversity of NamurKnown forComputational Condensed Matter Physics; Low-dimensional Materials ModelingAwardsFellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2019), Inte...

 

Artículo principal: Pandemia de COVID-19 en México Este artículo se refiere o está relacionado con un evento de salud pública reciente o actualmente en curso. La información de este artículo puede cambiar frecuentemente. Por favor, no agregues datos especulativos y recuerda colocar referencias a fuentes fiables para dar más detalles. Pandemia de COVID-19 en Durango Parte de la Pandemia de COVID-19 en México COVID-19 en DurangoAgente patógenoPatógeno SARS-CoV-2Tipo de patógeno...

Theatre in Coventry, England 52°24′39″N 1°30′31″W / 52.410753°N 1.508690°W / 52.410753; -1.508690 Commemorative plaque in Coventry The Coventry Theatre was a 2,000-seat theatre located on Hales Street in Coventry, England. It opened in 1937 as the New Hippodrome and was renamed the Coventry Theatre in 1955. In 1979 it was purchased by businessman Paul Gregg and became the Coventry Apollo. It closed in 1985 with a performance by Barbara Dickson. In its later...

 

Argentine comedian, acrobat and variety artist in circus, theater, film and television Pepe Biondi in 1972. José Pepe Biondi (born Buenos Aires, September 4, 1909 - died Buenos Aires, October 4, 1975) was an Argentine comedian, acrobat and variety artist who worked in the circus, theater, film and television. For both critics and the public, Biondi was one of the greatest Argentine comedians, who stood out for his innocent and clownish humor.[1] References ^ A 110 años del nacimient...

 

American singer (born 1985) Caroline PolachekPolachek performing in Bristol, England, 2023BornCaroline Elizabeth Polachek (1985-06-20) June 20, 1985 (age 38)New York City, U.S.Other namesRamona LisaCEPEducationUniversity of Colorado BoulderNew York UniversityOccupationsSingersongwriterYears active2005–presentWorksDiscographySpouse Ian Drennan ​ ​(m. 2015; div. 2017)​Musical careerGenresAlternative popart popindie popexperimental...

Vulcan-class repair ship of the United States Navy For other ships with the same name, see USS Jason. USS Jason (AR-8) in 1993 History United States NameUSS Jason NamesakeJason BuilderLos Angeles Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, San Pedro, California Laid down9 March 1942 Launched3 April 1943 Commissioned19 June 1944 Decommissioned24 June 1995 ReclassifiedAR-8, 9 September 1957 Stricken24 June 1995 MottoReady Willing Able Nickname(s)Jolly J Honors andawards Korean Service Medal 3 campaign s...

 

Concerto for piano and orchestra by Sergei Rachmaninoff Rachmaninoff 2 and Rach 2 redirect here. For his second symphony, see Symphony No. 2 (Rachmaninoff). Rachmaninoff in the early 1900s The Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor, Op. 18, is a concerto for piano and orchestra composed by Sergei Rachmaninoff between June 1900 and April 1901. The piece established his fame as a concerto composer and is one of his most enduringly popular pieces. After the disastrous 1897 premiere of his First Symphon...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!