Magnetit

Magnetit

Magnetit iz Južnog Tirola, sjeverna Italija
Općenito
KategorijaMineral
Kemijska formulaFe3O4
Identifikacija
Molekularna masa231,55 g/mol
Bojacrn
Kristalni habitusoktaedarski, rombododekaedarski
Kristalni sustavkubični, Fd3m
Sraslaciprimjećeno je srastanje oktaedara
Kalavostnejasna
Mohsova tvrdoća5,5-6,5
Sjajmetalni
Ogrebcrn
Gustoća5,18 g/cm3
Točka tališta1535 °C
Prozirnostneproziran

Magnetit (prema magnet) je kubični mineral iz skupine spinela, kemijska formula Fe3O4 (ili FeO x Fe2O3).[1]

Svojstva i osobine

Crni je ferimagnetički željezov oksid u kojem željezovi atomi imaju dva oksidacijska stanja, +2 i +3. Magnetit je široko rasprostranjen u prirodi i javlja se kao popratni mineral u magmatskim i metamorfnim stijenama. Važna je željezna ruda, a najveća su ležišta u sjevernoj Švedskoj.

Javlja se u oktaedarskim kristalima, zrnatim agregatima i u slobodnom zrnju kao magnetski pijesak. Magnetičan je i neproziran. Ležišta magnetita pretežito nastaju pri segragaciji magme na oksidnu i silikatnu frakciju. Velike količine magnetita, ali neiskoristive zbog malene koncentracije, nalaze se sitno raspršene u gotovo svim eruptivnim stijenama. Tako npr. tamna boja bazalta djelomično potječe od magnetita. Ležišta magnetita u Švedskoj i na Uralu među najbogatijim su ležištima željezne rude na svijetu.

Fizička svojstva

Tvrdoća magnetita kreće se od 5,5 do 6,5 na Mohsovoj skali, a specifična težina iznosi 5,18. Magnetit obično tvori oktaedarske kristale.
Magnetsko uređenje magnetita na sobnoj temperaturi je ferimagnetsko s Curieovom temperaturom od 850 K.[2]

Kristalna struktura

Prikaz strukturnog i magnetskog uređenja magnetita s označenom jediničnom ćelijom

Magnetit ima strukturu inverznog spinela u kojoj se u šupljinama unutar kubične guste slagaline kisikovih aniona nalaze željezovi kationi oksidacijskog stanja +2 i +3. U jednoj četvrtini raspoloživih tetraedarskih šupljina smješteni su kationi Fe3+, dok su u polovini oktaedarskih šupljina smješteni kationi Fe2+ i Fe3+.

Izvori

  1. Hrvatska enciklopedija (LZMK); broj 11 (Tr-Ž), str. 478. Za izdavača: Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb 2009.g. ISBN 978-953-6036-41-7
  2. R. M. Cornell, U. Schwertmann, The Iron Oxides, Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrence and Uses, VCH Publ. Corp., D-69451 Weinheim, Njemačka, 1996.

Vanjske poveznice

Zajednički poslužitelj ima još gradiva o temi Magnetit

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