Kašalj

Dječak kašlje

Kašalj (lat.: tussis) iznenadan je i često ponavljajući refleks koji pomaže da se iz dišnih puteva izbace štetne izlučevine, sekret, iritansi, strane čestice i mikrobi. Kašalj se sastoji od tri faze: udisanja, izdisanja i automatskog otpuštanja zraka iz pluća, obično popraćenog prepoznatljivim zvukom.[1] Kašalj je često automatski, bez volje čovjeka, a moguće je kašljati i namjerno.

Kašalj često ukazuje na prisutnost bolesti. Mnogi virusi i bakterije šire se putem kašlja. Stoga prilikom kašljanja treba staviti ruku na usta i redovito prati ruke.

Kašalj obično proizlazi iz smetnji dišnog sustava, a može ga potaknuti i gušenje, pušenje, zagađenost zraka, astma, reakcija na kapanje nosa, kronični bronhitis, zatajenje srca i lijekovi kao što su ACE inhibitori.

Liječenje kašlja provodi se nakon pregleda liječnika i utvrđivanja postojećeg stanja. Kašalj nije uvijek jednako opasan. Lijekovi protiv kašlja obično su u obliku sirupa.

Kašalj može biti posljedica infekcije dišnih putova kao što su: prehlada, upala pluća, hripavac ili tuberkuloza. U velikoj većini slučajeva razlog su akutnog kašlja, tj. kašlja kraćeg od 3 tjedna, prehlade.[2] Tuberkuloza se rijetko javlja.

Kašalj može biti klasificiran po trajanju, karakteru i vremenu.[3] Trajanje može biti akutno (iznenadna pojava) ako je prisutno manje od tri tjedna, subakutno ako je prisutno između tri i osam tjedana i kronično kada traje dulje od osam tjedana. Kašalj može biti suh ili produktivan, ovisno postoji li ispljuvak. Može se javljati samo noću, samo danju ili i danju i noću.

Izvori

  1. ↑ Chung KF, Pavord ID (April 2008). "Prevalence, pathogenesis, and causes of chronic cough". Lancet 371 (9621): 1364–74. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60595-4. PMID 18424325. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(08)60595-4.
  2. ↑ Dicpinigaitis PV, Colice GL, Goolsby MJ, Rogg GI, Spector SL, Winther B (2009). "Acute cough: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge". Cough 5: 11. doi:10.1186/1745-9974-5-11. PMID 20015366. "In the vast majority of cases, acute cough is due to acute viral upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), i.e., the common cold."
  3. ↑ Goldsobel AB, Chipps BE (March 2010). "Cough in the pediatric population". J. Pediatr. 156 (3): 352–358.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.004. PMID 20176183.

Read other articles:

cognitive anthropology

Part of a series onMedical and psychologicalanthropology Basic concepts Health Culture-bound syndrome Double bind Case studies Navajo medicine Related articles Nutritional anthropology Psychological anthropology Cognitive anthropology Transpersonal anthropology Ethnomedicine Clinical ethnography Critical medical anthropology Cross-cultural psychiatry Person-centered ethnography Society for Medical Anthropology National character studies Syndemic Major theorists Gregory Bateson Maurice Bloch C...

 

Хацей, Евгений Владимирович

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Хацей. Евгений Хацей Полное имя Евгений Владимирович Хацей Позиция нападающий Рост 182 см Вес 94 кг Хват левый Страна  Россия Дата рождения 8 сентября 1976(1976-09-08) или 1 сентября 1976(1976-09-01)[1] Место рождения ...

 

São Lourenço de Selho

São Lourenço de Selho Plaats in Portugal Situering Gemeente Guimarães Coördinaten 41° 28′ NB, 8° 17′ WL Algemeen Oppervlakte 1,98 km² Inwoners (2001) 1841[1] (929,8 inw./km²) Detailkaart Ligging in gemeente Guimarães Portaal    Portugal São Lourenço de Selho is een plaats (freguesia) in de Portugese gemeente Guimarães en telt 1841 inwoners (2001). Bevolkingsontwikkeling tussen 1864 en 2011 Bronnen, noten en/of referenties ↑ Instituto Nacional de Est...

آرثر بايرون كوبل

آرثر بايرون كوبل   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 3 نوفمبر 1878[1]  ويليامزتاون (بنسيلفانيا)  الوفاة 8 ديسمبر 1966 (88 سنة) [1]  هاريسبرج  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  عضو في الأكاديمية الوطنية للعلوم،  وجمعية الرياضيات الأمريكية[2]  الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم ج...

 

Cerveja no mundo

Esta página cita fontes, mas que não cobrem todo o conteúdo. Ajude a inserir referências. Conteúdo não verificável pode ser removido.—Encontre fontes: ABW  • CAPES  • Google (N • L • A) (Novembro de 2019) A cerveja é apreciada no mundo desde a antiguidade. Foi uma das primeiras bebidas alcoólicas da história da humanidade. Cerveja em alguns países Alemanha Kranz Kölsch. Com uma cultura fortemente influenciada pela cer...

 

Любов для початківців

Любов для початківцівтур. Aşk 101 Тип вебсеріалТелеканал(и) NetflixДистриб'ютор(и) NetflixЖанр молодіжна комедія драмаТривалість серії 33—48 хв.Компанія Ay YapımСценарист Меріч АджеміРежисер Ахмет Катіксіз Деніз Йорулмазер Гьоненч Уяник Умут АралПродюсери Керем ЧатайУ головних ...

Togo D. West Jr.

American politician (1942–2018) Togo West3rd United States Secretary of Veterans AffairsIn officeMay 4, 1998 – July 25, 2000PresidentBill ClintonPreceded byJesse BrownSucceeded byAnthony Principi16th United States Secretary of the ArmyIn officeNovember 22, 1993 – May 4, 1998PresidentBill ClintonPreceded byGordon Sullivan (Acting)Succeeded byRobert M. Walker (Acting)General Counsel of the Department of DefenseIn officeFebruary 1, 1980 – January 20, 1981Presid...

 

Sorex pribilofensis

Sorex pribilofensis Охоронний статус Під загрозою зникнення (МСОП 3.1) Біологічна класифікація Царство: Тварини (Animalia) Тип: Хордові (Chordata) Клада: Синапсиди (Synapsida) Клас: Ссавці (Mammalia) Ряд: Комахоїдні (Eulipotyphla) Родина: Мідицеві (Soricidae) Рід: Мідиця (Sorex) Вид: S. pribilofensis Біноміальна назва Sor...

 

Raden Djaswadi Suprapto

Raden Djaswadi Suprapto Raden Djaswadi Suprapto adalah seorang politikus asal Indonesia yang lahir di Bojonegoro pada tanggal 2 April 1916. Ia menempuh pendidikan di MULO dan menjadi anggota Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI). Setelah tamat sekolah, ia bekerja sebagai magang pada Pengadilan Negeri, kemudian selaku pramuniaga merangkap Gripir. Dari 1945 sampai 1948, ia bergerak dalam bidang persuratkabaran, diantaranya sebagai Pemimpin Redaksi Suara Rakjat di Mojokerto, Kediri dan Malang. Kemudia...

Walter Kohut

Walter Kohut (auch: Walter Kohout; Walter Korth[1] * 20. November 1927 in Wien; † 18. Mai 1980 in Innsbruck) war ein österreichischer Schauspieler. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Theater 3 Film und Fernsehen 4 Tod 5 Filmografie (Auswahl) 6 Tonaufnahmen 6.1 Hörspiele 7 Literatur 8 Weblinks 9 Einzelnachweise Leben Kohut war in erster Ehe mit der Schauspielerin Elfriede Irrall und in zweiter Ehe mit der Schauspielerin Immy Schell, der Schwester von Maria Schell, verheiratet. Theater Ge...

 

George Papadopoulos

American political advisor (born 1987) This article is about the Republican campaign advisor. For the Greek politician, see Georgios Papadopoulos. For other people named George Papadopoulos, see George Papadopoulos (disambiguation). George PapadopoulosBornGeorge Demetrios Papadopoulos (1987-08-19) August 19, 1987 (age 36)Chicago, Illinois, U.S.Other namesCrossfire Typhoon[1]CitizenshipUnited States and GreeceEducationDePaul University (BA)University College London (MSc)Crimi...

 

Antwaan Randle El

American football player and coach (born 1979) American football player Antwaan Randle ElRandle El with the Steelers in 2005Detroit LionsPosition:Wide receivers coachPersonal informationBorn: (1979-08-17) August 17, 1979 (age 44)Riverdale, Illinois, U.S.Height:5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)Weight:185 lb (84 kg)Career informationHigh school:Thornton Township (Harvey, Illinois)College:Indiana (1998–2001)NFL Draft:2002 / Round: 2 / Pick: 62Career history ...

The Banished Immortal

2019 biography by Ha Jin First edition The Banished Immortal: A Life of Li Bai is a biography of Li Bai by Ha Jin that was published in 2019 by Pantheon.[1] The author wrote his own translations of the poems,[2] as well explanations of the meanings of Li Bai's poems.[3] Reception Publishers Weekly stated that it was a polished biography that would allow audiences to learn more about Li Bai.[3] Kirkus Reviews stated that the book had little of the vigor of his s...

 

Farzi

2023 Indian Hindi-language television series Not to be confused with Farsi. FarziPromotional posterGenreBlack comedyCrime thrillerCreated byRaj & DKWritten by Sita Menon Suman Kumar Raj & DK Directed byRaj & DKStarring Shahid Kapoor Vijay Sethupathi Kay Kay Menon Raashii Khanna Bhuvan Arora Music byKetan SodhaSachin–JigarTanishk BagchiCountry of originIndiaOriginal languageHindiNo. of series1No. of episodes8ProductionProducerRaj & DKCinematographyPankaj KumarEditorSumee...

 

Jean-Louis Gagnaire

French politician This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Jean-Louis...

Đường kiểm soát Ấn Độ - Pakistan

Đường kiểm soát Ấn Độ - Pakistan (Anh văn: Line of Control, viết tắt: LoC) chỉ ranh giới phân chia Ấn Độ và Pakistan hiện nay ở khu vực khống chế thực tế Kashmir. Lúc đầu nó được gọi là đường ngừng bắn, sau khi Hiệp định Simla được kí kết vào ngày 03 tháng 07 năm 1972, nó được đặt lại tên là đường kiểm soát Ấn Độ - Pakistan. Một phần của thổ bang lúc ban đầu mà đặt d...

 

Jagdgeschwader III

German fighter wing This article is about the First World War military unit. For the Second World War military unit, see Jagdgeschwader 3. Jagdgeschwader IIIActive2 February 1918Disbanded11 November 1918CountryGermanyAllegianceGerman EmpireBranchLuftstreitkräfteTypeFighter wingRoleAir to air combatSizeNominally 56 aircraftColorsJagdstaffel 2: Tailplanes split between black and white; black and white cowlings,Jagdstaffel 26: Black and white banded fuselages; black cowlings,Jagdstaffel 27: Bla...

 

Satanic (2016 film)

2016 American filmSatanicTheatrical release posterDirected byJeffrey HuntWritten byAnthony JaswinskiProduced by Lawrence Mattis Michael Moran Starring Sarah Hyland Steven Krueger Justin Chon Clara Mamet Sophie Dalah Anthony Carrigan CinematographyMike KarasickEdited byJoAnne YarrowMusic by Jim Dooley Todd Haberman Productioncompanies MarVista Entertainment Circle of Confusion Productions Distributed byMagnet ReleasingRelease date July 1, 2016 (2016-07-01) (United States) Ru...

Wizard (1984 video game)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Wizard 1984 video game – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1984 video gameWizardNorth American cover artDeveloper(s)PP&S[a]Publisher(s)NA: PP&SEU: AriolasoftNA: Ele...

 

War

Intense armed conflict This article is about war in general. For other uses, see War (disambiguation), The War (disambiguation), and Warring (disambiguation). Conflict zone redirects here. For the 2001 video game, see Conflict Zone.Warfare redirects here. For the racehorse, see Warfare (horse). Clockwise from top-left:Ancient warfare: Stele of the Vultures, c. 2500 BCEMedieval warfare: Battle of Hastings, 1066Early modern warfare: Retreat from Moscow, 1812Industrial age warfare: Battle of the...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!