Dede Korkut

Dede Korkut
UNESCO – Nematerijalna svjetska baština
Dede Korkut
Azerbajdžan Kazahstan Turska
Regija: Azija
Godina upisa: 2018.
Ugroženost: ne
Poveznica: UNESCO:01399

Knjiga Dede Korkut ili Knjiga Korkut Ata ( کتاب دده قورقود,) je najpoznatija epska priča o Turcima Oghuzima. Priče nose moralne vrijednosti značajne za društveni život nomadskih turskih naroda i njihova predislamska uvjerenja. Mitska pripovijest o knjizi dio je kulturne baštine turskog narod oghuskog porijekla uglavnom s područjaTurske, Azerbejdžana i Turkmenistana .[1]

Do 2018. godine smatralo da postoje dva rukopisa ove knjige koji se čuvaju u Vatikanu i Dresdenu. Međutim, otkrićem Gonbadova rukopisa knjizi je dodan novi dio. Jezik gonbadskog rukopisa mješovitog je karaktera i prikazuje živopisne karakteristike razdoblja prijelaza iz kasnijeg starog oguškog turcizma u ranonovovjekovni turkizam iranskog Azerbejdžana. Međutim, postoje i ortografske, leksičke i gramatičke strukture svojstvene ujgurskom jeziku, što pokazuje da je djelo izvorno napisano na području između Syrdarye i Anatolije, a kasnije prerađeno za vrijeme safavidskom Carstvu u drugoj polovici 16. stoljeća. Kasnije je ponovno kopiran u drugoj polovici 18. stoljeća u razdoblju Kadžarskog Carstva.[2]

Epske priče o Dede Korkutu neke su od najpoznatijih turskih dastana koje čine više od 1.000 zabilježenih epova napisanim na mongolskim i turskim jezicima.[3]

Porijeklo

Dede Korkut je legenda, poznat i pod imenom Oghuz-nameh ,[4] koja započinje u Srednjoj Aziji, nastavlja se u Anadoliji, a najveći dio svoje radnje usredotočuje na azerbejdžanski Kavkaz .[5] Prema Bartholdu, "nije moguće pretpostaviti da je ovaj dastan mogao biti napisan bilo gdje osim na Kavkazu".[6]

Za turske narode, posebno ljude koji se identificiraju kao Oghuz, to je glavno spremište etničkog identiteta, povijesti, običaja i sustava vrijednosti turskih naroda kroz povijest. Obilježava borbu za slobodu u vrijeme kada su Turci Oghuz bili pastirski narod, iako je "jasno da su priče stavljene u današnji oblik u vrijeme kada Turci Oghuz porijeklom više nisu sebe smatrali Oghuzima".[7] Od sredine 10. stoljeća, pojam 'Oghuz' među samim Turcima postupno je zamijenio "Turcoman" (Turkmen); taj je postupak dovršen početkom 13. stoljeća. Turkomani su bili oni Turci, uglavnom, ali ne isključivo Oghuz, koji su prihvatili islam i počeli voditi sjedilački život od svojih predaka.[7] U 14. stoljeću federacija Oghuza, ili, kako su ih do tada nazivali, turkomanskih plemena, koji su se nazivali Ak-koyunlu, uspostavila je dinastiju koja je vladala istočnom Turskom, Azerbejdžanom, Irakom i zapadnim Iranom.[7]  

Izvori

  1. Barthold (1962) Pogreška u predlošku harvp: ne postoji izvor s oznakom: CITEREFBarthold1962 (pomoć)""The book of my grandfather Korkut" ("Kitab-i dedem Korkut") is an outstanding monument of the medieval Oghuz heroic epic.
  2. Mahsun Atsız. 2020. Korkut Ata Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi: A Syntactic Analysis on Gonbad Manuscript of the Book of Dede Korkut: 189. ISSN 2687-5675 journal zahtijeva |journal= (pomoć)
  3. Rinchindorji.
  4. "Dastan".
  5. "Китаби деде Коркуд". archive.is. 25. svibnja 2005. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 25. svibnja 2005. Pristupljeno 26. siječnja 2019.
  6. Barthold (1962) Pogreška u predlošku harvp: ne postoji izvor s oznakom: CITEREFBarthold1962 (pomoć)
  7. a b c Lewis (1974) Pogreška u predlošku harvp: ne postoji izvor s oznakom: CITEREFLewis1974 (pomoć)

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