משמרת שערים

משמרת שְׂעֹרִים היא המשמרת הרביעית מבין כ"ד משמרות כהונה שסידרו דוד המלך וצדוק הכהן[1] על פי גורל בתקופה שקודם בניית בית המקדש הראשון.

המשמרה מוזכרת רק פעם אחת בתנ"ך בספר דברי הימים; ”וַיֵּצֵא הַגּוֹרָל .. לִשְׂעֹרִים הָרְבִעִי” (דברי הימים א כד ז).

אחר חורבן בית שני

לפי דעתו של החוקר שמואל קליין, בעקבות חורבן בית שני עברו כל עשרים וארבע משמרות הכהונה -ומשמרת שערים בתוכן- לעיירות בגליל -הן בגליל העליון והן בגליל התחתון.[2]

יש אומרים כי העיר בית שערים אשר בגליל התחתון נקראת על שם משמרה זו שנדדה לשם אחר החורבן. ואילו החוקר שמואל קליין מעיר כי נתגלתה עיירה קרובה לציפורי בשם עיתהלו (או היתלו) והיום נקראת עילוט, כשם מושב משמרת שערים כפי שמופיע בקינות של רבי אלעזר הקליר. הוא מציין כי גם לפי המסופר בתלמוד[3] מוכח שכהנים היו מתושבי העיירה.[4][5] אולם יש המזהים אותה עם הכפר הלבנוני עייתא א-שעב.[דרוש מקור]

רבי אלעזר הקליר מקונן על ביטול משמרה זו באומרו;

דרכי היכל דממו, כנפרץ כותלו

והמעיל כנקרע פתילו

והתך והושפל מתילו, ונע משתילו, כהן עיתה לו

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ "מדרש הביאור" (סעדיה אלדמארי) להפטרת פרשת אמור
  2. ^ ספר "ארץ הגליל", דף ס"ה
  3. ^ תלמוד בבלי, מסכת יבמות, דף נ"ט, עמוד ב'
  4. ^ ארץ הגליל עמוד 85
  5. ^ ארץ הגליל מימי העליה מבבל עד חתימת התלמוד / שמואל קליין - פרויקט בן־יהודה, באתר benyehuda.org


ערך זה הוא קצרמר בנושא יהדות. אתם מוזמנים לתרום לוויקיפדיה ולהרחיב אותו.

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