אלגברת מנה

אלגברת המנה - הכללה של חבורת המנה וחוג המנה למבנה אלגברי כללי. משמשת בין היתר להכללת משפטי האיזומורפיזם באלגברה אוניברסלית.

הגדרה:

יהי מבנה אלגברי עם n פעולות, ויהא יחס שקילות על אברי A כך שלכל פעולה , אם מתקיים עבור i=1...k ,מתקיים גם:

יחס השקילות משרה מבנה אלגברי חדש שנקרא אלגברת מנה שאבריו הם מחלקות השקילות המתאימות עם הפעולות: (לפי )



דוגמה -הכללה של משפט האיזומורפיזם הראשון:

יהיו A ו-B מבנים אלגבריים ויהא F אפימורפיזם מ-A על-B,אזי:

A/Φ איזומורפי ל-B. כש- Φ יחס השקילות המוגדר על אברי A כך: אם ורק אם .

הוכחה(חלקית) :

תחילה נוכיח ש-Φ משרה אלגברת מנה:

תהי פעולה k-ארית, ויהיו (לפי Φ) עבור i=1...k (זאת אומרת עבור i=1...k). מכאן נובע ש, זאת אומרת,


נגדיר הומומורפיזם מ-A/Φ ל-B כך: הוא חח"ע כי צמצמנו את כל הערכים השווים למחלקות שקילות (איברים בודדים),ועל בירושה מ-F.

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