איכתיוזאוריה

קריאת טבלת מיוןאיכתיוזאוריה
תקופה
טריאס תיכון-קרטיקון עליון, 245–90 מיליון שנה לפני זמננו
מיון מדעי
ממלכה: בעלי חיים
מערכה: מיתרניים
קבוצה: בעלי חוליות
על־מחלקה: בעלי ארבע רגליים
מחלקה: זוחלים
קבוצה: דמויי איכתיוזאורים
סדרה: איכתיוזאוריה
שם מדעי
Ichthyosauria
בלנוויל, 1835
לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית

עיינו גם בפורטל

פורטל זוחלים ודו-חיים הוא שער לכל ערכי הזוחלים ודו-חיים בוויקיפדיה העברית. הפורטל מציג מידע אודות סדרות הזוחלים והדו-חיים, תמונות וסרטונים, קטעי הידעת?, ערכים מומלצים ועוד.

איור של זוג שסטזאורוסים

איכתיוזאוריה (שם מדעי: Ichthyosauria) היא סדרת זוחלים קדומים מקבוצת הדיאפסידים דמויי איכתיוזאורים. הם התפתחו לפני 200 מיליוני שנים, לפני סיום תקופת הטריאס, והתקיימו עד הקרטיקון.

מאפיינים

צורת גופם של האיכתיוזאורים חזרה להיות דמוית דג. צווארם התכווץ והקנה לגוף צורה כישורית, הגפיים נתקצרו לכדי איברי היגוי קטנים. הם נעו כדגים, בתנועה גלית של הגוף ושל הזנב. על הגב התפתח סנפיר דגי, והזנב הפך להיות איבר שחייה חזק שמראהו היה כשל זנב הכריש. הם הסתגלו לחיים בים לא פחות מהדולפיניים הדומים להם מבחינות רבות. מעדות מאובנים נתברר שהם חדלו להטיל ביצים על היבשה והשריצו ולדות חיים.

רבים מבני הקבוצה, כגון האיכתיוזאורוס, דמו לדולפינים אך אין קשר אמיתי ביניהם. אחרים היו בעלי דמיון מסוים לפלזיוזאורים הענקיים שחיו בתקופתם.

מיון

  • סדרה איכתיוזאוריה (Ichthyosauria)
    • קבוצה Hueneosauria
      • קבוצה Mixosauria
        • קבוצה Longipinnati
                  • משפחה Toretocnemidae
                  • משפחה Cymbospondylidae
          • קבוצה Merriamosauria
                  • משפחה Merriamosauridae
                  • משפחה Besanosauridae
                  • משפחה Shastasauridae
                  • משפחה Shonisauridae
                  • משפחה Californosauridae
            • קבוצה Parvipelvia
                  • משפחה Hudsonelpidiidae
                  • משפחה Macgowaniidae
              • תת-סדרה Neoichthyosauria
                • אינפרא-סדרה Thunnosauria
                  • משפחה Ichthyosauridae
                  • משפחה Stenopterygiidae
                  • משפחה Ophthalmosauridae

קישורים חיצוניים

ערך זה הוא קצרמר בנושא בעלי חיים פרה-היסטוריים. אתם מוזמנים לתרום לוויקיפדיה ולהרחיב אותו.

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