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Yaren Sifen
	español — castellano
'Yan asalin magana	harshen asali: 485,000,000 (2023); harshen asali: 480,000,000 (2019); harshen asali: 470,000,000 (2015); harshen asali: 437,000,000 (2017); harshen asali: 436,667,750 (2012); second language (en) : 89,500,000 (unknown value); second language (en) : 70,606,900 (2010s)
Dangin harshen	Indo-European (en) ; Italic (en) ; Romance languages (en) ; Western Romance (en) ; Gallo-Iberian (en) ; Iberian Romance (en) ; West Iberian (en) ; Castilic (en) ; Yaren Sifen; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-1	es
ISO 639-2	spa
ISO 639-3	spa
Glottolog	stan1288

Spanish language harshe ne na Romance na dangin Indo-European wanda ya samo asali daga harshen Latin da ake magana da shi a yankin Iberian. A yau, yare ne na duniya wanda ke da sama da masu magana da yaren miliyan 500, galibi a cikin Amurka da Spain. Mutanen Espaniya shine harshen hukuma na ƙasashe 20. Yaren asali ne na biyu a duniya bayan Sinanci na Mandarin; yare na huɗu mafi yawan magana a duniya gabaɗaya bayan Ingilishi, Mandarin Sinanci, da Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu); da kuma yaren Romance da aka fi amfani da shi a duniya. Mafi yawan yawan masu magana da yaren suna cikin Mexico.

Yaren Espaniya wani bangare ne na rukunin harsunan Ibero-Romance, wanda ya samo asali daga yaruka da yawa na Vulgar Latin a Iberia bayan rushewar Daular Rome ta Yamma a karni na 5. Rubutun Latin mafi dadewa tare da alamun Yaren Espaniya sun fito ne daga tsakiyar arewacin Iberia a karni na 9, kuma farkon tsarin rubuta harshen ya faru a Toledo, babban birni na Masarautar Castile, a cikin karni na 13. Turawan mulkin mallaka na Sipaniya a farkon zamanin zamani ya yunƙura kan ƙaddamar da harshen zuwa ƙasashen ketare, musamman ga Amurkawa.

A matsayin harshen Romance, Yaren Espaniya zuriyar Latin ne, kuma yana da ɗayan ƙananan digiri na bambanci daga gare ta (kimanin 20%) tare da Sardiniya da Italiyanci. ^[2] Kusan kashi 75% na ƙamus na Yaren Espaniya na zamani an samo su ne daga Latin, gami da aro na Latin daga tsohuwar Girka. Tare da Ingilishi da Faransanci, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin harsunan waje da aka fi koyarwa a duk faɗin duniya. Yaren Espanya ba su fito fili a matsayin harshen kimiyya ba; duk da haka, an fi wakilta shi a fannoni kamar ilimin ɗan adam da ilimin zamantakewa. Yaren Espanya kuma shi ne yare na uku da aka fi amfani da shi a shafukan intanet bayan Ingilishi da Sinanci.

Yaren Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin harsuna shida na hukumance na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kuma ana amfani da shi azaman harshen hukuma ta Tarayyar Turai, Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Amirka, Ƙungiyar Kasashen Kudancin Amirka, Ƙungiyar Kasashen Latin Amurka da Caribbean, Tarayyar Afirka da yawa. sauran kungiyoyin kasa da kasa.

Sunan harshe da ilimin ƙamus

Taswirar da ke nuna wuraren da ake kiran yaren *castellano* (a cikin ja) ko *español* (a cikin shuɗi)

Sunan harshen

A cikin Spain da kuma a wasu sassa na duniyar Mutanen Espanya, ana kiran Mutanen Espanya ba kawai español ba amma kuma castellano (Castilian), harshe daga Masarautar Castile, yana bambanta shi da sauran harsunan da ake magana a Spain kamar Galician, Basque, Asturian, Catalan, Aragonese da Occitan.

Tsarin Mulki na Spain na shekarar 1978 yana amfani da kalmar castellano don ayyana harshen hukuma na ɗaukacin Jihar Sipaniya, ya bambanta da las demás lenguas españolas (lit. "sauran Spanish harsuna"). Mataki na uku yana karantawa kamar haka.

El castellano es la lengua española oficial del Estado. ... Las demás lenguas españolas serán también oficiales en las respectivas Comunidades Autónomas...
Castilian is the official Spanish language of the State. ... The other Spanish languages shall also be official in their respective Autonomous Communities...

Kwalejin Royal Spanish Academy (Real Academia Española), a gefe guda, a halin yanzu yana amfani da kalmar español. a cikin littattafansa. Duk da haka, daga 1713 zuwa 1923, ya kira harshen castellano.

Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (Jagorar harshen da Cibiyar Nazarin Mutanen Espaniya ta buga) ya bayyana cewa, ko da yake Royal Spanish Academy ya fi son amfani da kalmar español. a cikin wallafe-wallafen sa lokacin da ake magana akan yaren Sipaniya, duka sharuddan- español da castellano- ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ma'auni kuma daidai da inganci. ^[3]

Etymology

Kalmar castellano tana da alaƙa da Castile (Castilla ko kuma Castiella), Masarautar da aka fara yin yaren. Sunan Castile, bi da bi, yawanci ana ɗauka cewa an samo shi daga castillo ('castle').

A middle ages, harshen da ake magana da shi a Castile gabaɗaya ana kiransa Romance kuma daga baya kuma a matsayin Lengua vulgar. Daga baya a cikin lokacin, ya sami ƙayyadaddun yanki kamar Romance castellano ("romanz castellano", "romanz de Castiella"), "lenguaje de Castiella", kuma a ƙarshe kawai kamar castellano. (suna).

Hotuna

Rubutun hannu na yaren
Samfurin rubutun yaren

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Sifen". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Mario A. Pei (1949) A New Methodology for Romance Classification, WORD, 5:2, 135-146, doi:10.1080/00437956.1949.11659494
↑ Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, 2005, p. 271–272.