Muhammad (c. 570 zuwa 8 June 632 CE), Larabci مُحَمَّد بنِ عَبْد ٱللَّٰه , da HausaMuhammadu ko Mamman ko Mahammad, da Larabci kuma (مُحَمَّد) furuci [Muħammad]; Yayi rayuwa a tsakanin shekarun c. 570 CE zuwa 8 Juni 632 CE, ya kasance Annabi kuma Manzo, wato dan aiken Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki, wanda aka aiko shi domin ya tabbatar da Addinin da Annabawan da suka gabace shi suka koyar, kamar Annabi Ibrahim da Annabi Musa da Annabi Isah da dukkannin sauran Annabawa da Manzanni, (tsira da amincin Allah su ƙara tabbata a garesu). Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) shi ne cikamakon Annabawa kuma Annabin karshe, wato wanda daga kansa babu wani manzo ko Annabi da zai zo a bayan shi, kuma ya haɗa kan dukkan Larabawa da wasu kabilun duniya inda suka dundule waje daya a karkashin Addinin musulunci, tare da daidaita dabi'u da halayan 'yan Adam ta hanyar koyar da su sakon Ubangiji (Al qur'ani da Hadisi) wato Shari'a.[1]
Ya kasance shugaban addinin Larabawa da Ajamawa, mai koyar da zamantakewa, siyasa kuma wanda ya kafa addinin Musulunci.[2] A bisa koyarwar addinin Islama, shi Annabi ne, an aiko shi don yin wa'azi da tabbatar da tauhidi (kaɗaita Allah) na Annabi Adamu, Annabi Ibrahim, Annabi Musa, Annabi Isah (Yesu), da dai sauran Annabawa.[2][3][4][5] An yi Imani da shi Annabin Allah ne na ƙarshe a cikin dukkan manyan rassa na Islama, ko da yake wasu mahangogin zamani sun rabu da wannan imani.[n 1] Muhammad yana da masoya sosai a yankin Larabawa, Afirka da kuma Asiya. Al'ƙur'ani ne tushen addininsa da kuma Hadisi, haka zalika da koyarwarsa da kuma ayyukansa na kafa tushen Musulunci.
An haifi Muhammad kimanin shekara ta 570CE a Makka.[6] Shi dan Abdullahi bn Abdul-Muttalib ne da Amina bint Wahb. Mahaifinsa Abdullahi dan shugaban ƙabilar kuraishawane Abd al-Muttalib bn Hashim, kuma ya rasu watanni kadan kafin haihuwar Muhammadu. Mahaifiyar sa Amina ta rasu lokacin Annabi yana da shekaru shida a duniya, ta bar shi a matsayin maraya.[7] Ya girma a karkashin kulawar kakansa, Abdul-Muttalib, da kawun mahaifinsa Abu Talib.[8] A cikin shekarun baya, yakan keɓe kansa lokaci-lokaci a cikin wani kogon dutse mai suna Hira don wasu darare na addu'a. Lokacin da yake shekara ta 40, Muhammadu ya ba da labarin Jibrilu ya ziyarce shi a cikin kogon[6][9] kuma ya sami wahayin shi na farko daga Allah. A cikin shekara ta 613,[10] Muhammadu ya fara wa'azin waɗannan ayoyin a fili,[11] yana shelar cewa "Allah ɗaya ne", cikakkiyar "mika wuya" (musulunci) ga Allah[12] ita ce hanya madaidaiciya (dīn), [13] da cewa shi Annabi kuma manzon Allah ne, kwatankwacin sauran Annabawa a Musulunci.[14][15][16]
Mabiyan Annabi Muhammad da farko ba su da yawa, amman daga baya sunyi yawa, kuma sun fuskanci mushrikan Makkah gaba da gaba, na tsawon shekaru 13 ana gwabza yaƙi. Don guje wa tsanantawar da kafirai suke ci gaba da yi musu, ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa zuwa ƙasar Habasha a shekara ta 615, kafin shi da mabiyansa su yi hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina (wanda aka fi sani da Yathrib) daga baya a shekara ta 622. Wannan taron, Hijira, shine farkon kalandar Musulunci, wanda kuma aka sani da Kalandar Hijira. A Madina, Muhammadu ya haɗa kabilu a ƙarƙashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madin. A cikin watan Disamban shekarar 629, bayan gwagwarmaya na tsawon shekaru takwas da kabilun garin Makkah, Annabi Muhammadu ya tara ayarin sojojin musulmai guda 10,000, inda sukayi tattaki har zuwa birnin Makkah. Wannan tattaki bai samu wani tsaiko ba, inda Annabi Muhammadu ya kwace garin Makkah ba tare da wani zubar da jini (da yawa) ba. Acikin alif 632, jim kadan bayan dawowa daga Hajjin bankwana, manzon Allah ya fara rashin lafiya inda daga bisani ya rasu. A yayin rasuwarsa, da yawa daga cikin Yankunan Larabawa sun karbi musulunci.[17][18]
Umurni daga Allah]) wa annabi Muhammadu har zuwa lokacin mutuwarsa, su ne suka hada littafi mai tsarki wato Al-Qur'ani, wanda musulmai suke dauka a matsayin "Kalaman Ubangiji" akan inda aka gina dokokin addinin. Bacin Al-Qur'ani kuma, akwai koyarwar annabi da kuma ayyukansa (Sunnah), wadanda ake samu acikin Hadisai da kuma Sira (tarihin rayuwarsa), suma ana amfani da su a matsayin tushen shari'ar musulunci (duba Shari'a).
shekara ta 629, bayan shekaru takwas ana gwabza faɗa da ƙabilun Makka, Muhammadu ya tara dakaru masu tuba musulmi 10,000 suka nufi birnin Makka . Yakin ya tafi ba tare da hamayya ba kuma Muhammad ya kwace garin da zubar da jini kadan. A cikin shekara ta 632, ƴan watanni bayan ya dawo daga Hajjin bankwana, ya yi rashin lafiya kuma ya mutu. A lokacin mutuwarsa, yawancin ƙasashen Larabawa sun musulunta.[19][20]
Ana turo masa da wahayi daga Mala`ika Jibril wato ayoyin (kowannen su daya ana kiran shi da Ayah – A zahiri, “Alamar [Allah]”) da Muhammadu ya bayar da rahoton samunsa har mutuwarsa, sun kasance ayoyin Al-ƙur’ani, waɗanda Musulmai ke la’akari da su a matsayin “Kalmar Allah” ta zahiri wadda addinin ya ginu. Bayan Alqur'ani, koyarwar Muhammadu da ayyukansa (sunnah), da aka samu a cikin Hadisi da sira (tarihin annabi) wallafe-wallafen kundin tarihin annabi, ana amfani da su a matsayin tushen shari'ar Musulunci.
Da harshen Hausa akan ce Mahammadu, Mamman, ko Mahammada, dukkannin waɗannan sunayen da Hausa ne malan bahaushe yake kiran Muhammad.Kalmar Muhammad (محمد), asali kalman larabci ce, tana nufin wanda ake godemawa, akan juya jinsin kalman a larabci a ce, Ahmad ko Mahmud, wanda dukkannin sunan yana da alaƘa ne da godiya, sunan shi yazo sau hudu a cikin Al Kur'ani[21] sannan a Al Kur'ani an kirashi da sunan Annabi, Manzo, Bawan Allah, Bashir (mai bushara)[Quran 2:119], da kuma Shahid (mai shaidawa)[Quran 33:45] dakuma da kuma Mubashshir (mai bushara) da kuma Nazir (mai jan kunne)[Quran 11:2] da kuma Muzakkir (mai kira zuwa ga Allah)(dā'ī),[Quran 12:108] da kuma Nur (mai haske)[Quran 05:15] da kuma Sirajan munira (fitila mai haske).
Nasabarsa
Muhammad ɗan Abdullahi ɗan Abdul-Muɗɗalibi ɗan Hashimi ɗan Abdu-Manafi ɗan Ƙusayyi ɗan Kilabi, Sallallahu alaihi wa aalihi wa sallam, (Harshen Larabci: Abūl-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim ibn ˁAbd Manāf ibn Qusayy ibn Kilāb) nasabarsa maɗaukakiya tana tuqewa zuwa ga Annabi Ibrahim, alaihis salatu wassalam. Manzon Allah ne. Khatimin-Nabiyyin da addinin Musulunci.
Danginsa
Asalinsa bakurayshe ne, ɗaya daga cikin ƙabilun larabawa, ya samo asali ne tun daga zurriyyan Annabi Ibrahim.
Kira zuwa ga musulunci
Mabiyan Muhammad da farko ba su da yawa a cikin adadi, kuma sun sami ƙiyayya daga mushirikan Makka. Don gudun fitina, ya tura wasu mabiyansa zuwa Abisiniya a shekara ta 615, kafin shi da mabiyansa suka yi ƙaura daga Makka zuwa Madina (a lokacin ana kiranta Yathrib) daga baya a 622. Wannan taron, Hijira, shi ne farkon kalandar Musulunci, wanda aka fi sani da Kalanda Hijiriyya.A Madina, Annabi Muhammad ya hada kabilun karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Madina.A watan Disambar 629, bayan shekaru takwas na faɗa tare da kabilun Makka, Annabi Muhammad ya tara sojoji 10,000 da suka musulunta suka shiga garin Makka.Yaƙe-yaƙe ba a yi nasara sosai ba kuma Annabi Muhammad ya ƙwace garin da ɗan zubar da jini. A shekara ta 632, yan watanni bayan dawowarsa daga aikin Hajjin ban kwana, yayi rashin lafiyar da a cikinta ya rasu. A lokacin rasuwarsa,galibin kasashen Larabawa sun musulunta . [22][23].
Ayoyin (kowannensu da aka sani da Ayah) – a zahiri, "Alamar [Allah]") cewa Muhammadu ya ba da rahoton karɓar har zuwa rasuwarsa ya samar da ayoyin Alƙur'ani, waɗanda Musulmi suke ɗauka a matsayin kalmar "Maganar Allah" wacce addini ya dogara da ita. Baya ga Alqurani, koyarwar Annabi Muhammadu da ayyukansa ( sunnah ), wanda aka samu a cikin Hadisi da sira (tarihin rayuwa) adabi, ana kuma karfafa su kuma ana amfani da su azaman tushen shari'ar musulunci (duba Sharia.
Wasu masana ilimin yamma suna lura da tarin hadisan a matsayin ingantattun hanyoyin tarihi.[26] Masana irin su Madelung ba sa yin watsi da ruwayoyin da aka tattara su a wasu lokuta na gaba, amma suna yanke hukunci ne a cikin yanayin tarihi da kuma dacewa da abubuwan da suka faru da kuma adadi.[27] Malaman musulmai a wani bangaren galibi suna fifita girmamawa ga adabin hadisi a maimakon adabin tarihin, tunda hadisai suna rike da isnadi ingantacce (isnad); rashin irin wannan sarkar ga adabin tarihin ya sa ba ta da tabbas a idanunsu.[28]
Tarihin bayan wahayi
Akan yi dogaro da bayar da tarihinsa kafin zuwan Al-qur'ani da hadisi, duba da kuma la'akari da wanda ya bayar da labarin, kaman Halimatus sa'adiya, ta bayar da labarinsa tin kafin a aiko shi, a lokacin tana shayar da shi, da kuma waɗanda sukayi rayuwa da shi kafin a aiko shi da manzanci.
Larabawa a lokacin Jahiliyya
Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w) ya kasance gabanin musulunci baya bauta ma gumaka, kuma baya shirka, kuma mutum ne wanda baya karya ko cin amana, har ya sa ma mutanan Makkah suke masa laƙabi da amintacce.
Rayuwarsa
Yarinta
Farkon wahayi
ƙin yarda da shi
Isra'i da mi'raji
Rayuwar shi kafin hijira
Hijira
Hijira zuwa Madina
Bayan Tsanani da takurawar Kafuran Makkah akan Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w) da wadanda sukayi imani da shi yayi yawa, sai Allah Yayi ma Manzon Sa bushara da sauran Wadan da sukayi imani da shi izini akan suyi ƙaura daga garinsu na haihuwa wato birnin Makka zuwa wani garin daban wato Madina. Mutanen birnin Madina kuwa sunyi matuƙar murna da zuwan sa garin su kuma sun bashi kyakkyawan masauki. Sannan kuma sukayi imani dashi suka shiga addinin Musulunci.
A farkon Hijira dai Shi Annabi da kansa dakuma babban aminin sa kuma na farko wajen imani dashi wato Sayyadina Abubakar Sukayi tasu hijirar tare. Sannan sauran musulmai sukayi ta bin bayansu ɗaya bayan ɗaya.
ƙaurar Annabi (s.a.w) daga Makka zuwa Madina shine ake kira Hijira kuma shine farkon kalandar Musulunci.
Kafa daulan musulunci a Madina
YaƘi
Ƴaƙin Badar
Shine yaƙi na farko a tarihin musulunci, domin karbo ma musulmai haƘƘoƘin su da'aka kwace a lokacin yin hijira zuwa Madina[29].
Ƴaƙin Uhudu
Yaƙi na biyu a musulunci, a dalilin rashin yardan mutanan Makka akan yaƘin Badr[30].
Ƴaƙin gwalalo
Abu sufyan ya tattaro kimanin mutane dubu goma daga yankin larabawa domin daukan fansan mutanen da'aka kashe musu da kuma dukiyan su da sukayi asara a ƴaƙin Badar da kuma Uhudu, a inda musulmai suka kai kimanin mutane 3,000[31].
Sulhun hudaibiyya
Cin garin Makkah
Ƴaƙan ƙasar larabawa
Hajjin ƙarshe
Wafati da kabari
Sunan Muhammad (S.A.W) da larabci akan Ƙa'idan rubutu na suluth.
Iyayen Sa
Mahaifiyarsa:
Ita ce Aminatu (Āminah)'yar Wahbi ɗan Abdu-Manaf ɗan Zuhrata ɗan Kilabi (Radhi Allahu anha). Alkunyarsa: Abu-Qasim, Abu Ibrahim.
Laƙabinsa:
Al-Musɗafa (zababben Allah) yana da sunaye da suka zo a cikin Ƙur'ani Mai Girma kamar, Khataman-Nabiyyin, da Al-Ummi da Al-Muzzammil da Al-Muddassir da An-Nazir da Al-Mubin da Al-Karim da An-Nur da An-Niˁima da Ar-Rahma da Al-ˁAbdu da Ar-Ra'uf da Ar-Rahim da Ash-Shahid da Al-Mubasshir da An-Nazir da Ad-Da'i da sauransu.
Haihuwa
An haifi Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w) a wajen shekara ta 570M.
Mahaifinsa shine Abdullahi ya rasu kafin haihuwar Sa. Mahaifiyar sa Amina itama ta rasu lokacin da yake dan shekara shida a duniya. Haka yasa kakan sa Abdul-Mudallib ya rike shi har zuwa lokacin daya rasu, lokacin Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w) yana dan shekara takwas a duniya. Daga nan sai kawun sa Abu-Talib yaci gaba da rikon sa. Abu-Talib ya taimaka ma Manzon Allah (s.a.w) sosai a rayuwar sa.
Aikoshi: An aiko shi ga mutane baki ɗaya, amman ya fara da'awan musulunci a cikin garin Makkah a shekara 2 kafin hijira, a cikin watan Rajab 27, yana ɗan shekara arba'in.
Da'awa
Ya kira mutane zuwa ga Tauhidi a Makkah a ɓoye shekara uku ya kuma kira su a bayyane shekara goma, ya zo da daidaito tsakanin dukkan halitta da 'yan-uwantaka da rangwame na gaba ɗaya ga wanda ya shiga musulunci, Sa'annan ya kafa shari'a maɗaukakiya da dokoki na adalci da ya karɓo daga wajan Allah su kuma musulmi suka karɓa daga gare shi watau Annabi Muhammad ((S.A.W)).
Mu'ujizozinsa
Mu'ujizarsa madauwamiya ita ce Ƙur'ani amma waɗanda suka faru a farkon Musulunci suna da yawa ba sa kuma kirguwa.
Amsa kira
Yawancin masu amsa kiran sa talakawa ne da kuma bayi da miskinai.
Karyata shi
Abu lahab shine mutum na farko da ya fara ƙarya ta shi bayan ya kira dukkannin dangin sa makusanta.
Dangi
Ammomin sa
Ammominsa: Tara ne, su 'ya'yan ˁAbdul-Muɗɗalib ne: Al-Haris da Zubair da Abu Ɗalib da Hamza da Al-Ghaidaq da Dirar Al-Muqawwam da Abu Lahab da ˁAbbass.
Ammominsa mata: Su shida ne daga iyaye mata daban-daban su ne: Aminah da Ummu Hakima da Barra da Atiqa da Safiyya da Arwa. Wasiyyansa goma sha biyu ne, su ne: Amirul-Mu'minina Ali ɗan Abi Ɗalib (a.s) da Hasan ɗan ˁAli da Hussain ɗan ˁAli da ˁAliyyu ɗan Husaini da Muhammad ɗan ˁAli da Jaˁfar ɗan Muhammad da Musa ɗan Jaˁfar da ˁAli ɗan Musa da Muhammad ɗan ˁAli da ˁAli ɗan Muhammad da Alhassan ɗan ˁAli da Muhammad ɗan Hassan Mahadi(a.s).
Ya'yayen sa
Qasim ibn Muhammad, (598 – 600 ko 601 M).
Zainab bint Muhammad, (599 – 630 M).
Ruqayyah bint Muhammad, (601 – 624 M).
Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad, (603 – 630 M)
Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad, (d. 615 M).
Fatimah bint Muhammad, (c. 615 – 632 M).
Ibrahim ibn Muhammad, (630 – 631 M).
Matansa
Annabin Musulunci Muhammad Ya auri mata goma sha uku, ga Jerin sunayensu.
Ahlul baiti suna da banbanci da dangin Annabi, Ahlul baiti sune dangin Annabi man wanda sukayi imani da shi a matsayinsa da Annabi Kuma suka bada gaskiya da shi, kamar Abbas ɗan Abdul-Muttalib da Aliyu Ibn Abdulmuttalib, amman baffan sa Abdul-Muttalib da Abu Lahab basu bada gaskiya da shi ba, saboda haka ba'a cikin Alhlul baiti na Annabi, amman kuma dangin sa ne.
Sahabbai
Mai tsaron ƙofarsa: Anas ɗan Malik.
Mawaƙinsa: Hassan ɗan Sabit, da ˁAbdullahi ɗan Rawahata, da Ka'abu ɗan Malik.
Mai kiran sallarsa: Bilal Al-Habashi da ˁAbdullahi ɗan Ummu Maktum da Saˁad Al-Kirdi.
Tambarin zobensa: Muhammadur Rasulullah!
Tsawon rayuwarsa: shekaru 63.
Tsawon lokacin Annabtarsa: shekaru 23.
Tarihin wafatinsa: 28 Safar 11 H.
Wajan da ya yi wafati: Madinah.
Inda aka binne shi: Madinah a Masallaci Maɗaukaki Mai Alfarma. Ka sani cewa Muhammad (S.A.W) shi ne ƙarshen annabawa kuma addininsa shi ne musulunci mai shafe duk wani addini kuma shari'arsa zata wanzu har zuwa qiyama kuma ita kaɗai ce shari'ar da zata arzuta mutum da tabbatar masa da burinsa da amincinsa har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar duniya da lahira. Kamar yadda shi kaɗai ne mutum abin koyi ga dukkan duniya baki ɗaya, dukkan mutanen duniya idan suna son alheri ga kawukansu to dole ne su bi tarfarkinsa su yi koyi da kyawawan halayensa (S.A.W) da kuma sanin sashen tarihinsa da ba makawa mu kawo wasu daga siffofinsa (S.A.W): Shi ne Muhammad ɗan ˁAbdullah (S.A.W) kuma babarsa ita ce Aminatu 'yar Wahab. An haife shi a Makkah ranar juma'a goma sha bakwai ga watan Rabi'ul awwal bayan ɓollowar alfijir a shekarar giwaye, a zamanin sarki mai adalci Kisra . (wato idan an kwatanta shi da ire-irensa).
Aiko Annabi Mai Daraja (S.A.W)
An aiko Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) da saqo a 27 ga Rajab bayan yana ɗan shekara 40 yayin da Jibrilu (A.S) ya sauka gareshi daga wurin Allah (S.W.T) yana kogon Hira wanda yake dutse ne a Makkah ya ce masa ka karanta kuma ya saukar masa da ayoyi biyar na surar Alaƙi . Sai ya zo ya tsaya a kan dutsen Safa a masallaci mai alfarma na Makkah a lokacin akwai jama'a masu yawa a wurin da ake taruwa ya isar da saƙon Allah na shiryar da mutane zuwa ga imani da shi yana cewa da su: "Ku ce babu abin bauta sai Allah kwa rabauta" .
A lokacin tunda mutanen Makkah mushrikai ne, kuma suna ganin maslaharsu ita ce shirka kuma suna tsoron maslaharsu sai suka riƙa yi masa isgili suna yi masa dariya suna cutar da shi. Kuma duk sa'adda ya dage wajen shiryar da su sai su dage wajen cutar da shi har ya ce: "Ba a cutar da wani Annabi ba kamar yadda aka cutar da ni" . Ba wanda suka yi imani da shi sai mutane ƙalilan, na farkonsu Imam ˁAli sannan sai matarsa Khadijah (A.S) sannan sai wasu mutane. Farkon wanda ya yi imani da shi daga maza Imam Ali sannan daga mata sai Hadiza (A.S).
Yayin da takurawar mushrikai ta yi yawa sai ya yi hijira zuwa Madinah wannan kuwa ita ce hijirar farko a tarihin Musulmi, yayin da suka yi yawa sai qarfinsu ya daɗu kuma suka samu koyarwa daga Manzon Allah da shari'arsa Mai Sauƙi Mai Hikima, da kuma misali na kyawawan halaye da mutumtaka da wayewa da cigaba a Madinah har suka fi dukkan duniya da addini na sama da waɗanda ba na sama ba. Kuma an samu yaƙoƙi masu yawa a Madinah kuma dukkanninsu sun zama domin kare kai ne daga maƙiya mushrikai da yahudawa da kiristoci da suke kai hari kan musulmi, kuma Annabi a kowane lokaci yana zaɓar ɓangaren sulhu da zaman lafiya ne da rangwame, don haka ne ma adadin waɗanda ake kashewa daga ɓangarorin biyu ba su da yawa a dukkan yaƙoƙinsa tamanin da wani abu, wato; waɗanda aka kashe na musulmi da kafirai duka ba su kai sama da dubu ɗaya da ɗari huɗu ba.
Mutuwa Mai Zafin Gaske Tun lokacin da aka aiko Annabi da saƙo har ya tafi daga duniya wahayi yana sauka gareshi kuma Jibrilu (A.S) shi ne ake aiko masa daga wajen Ubangiji (S.W.T) a hankali a hankali har littafin Ƙur'ani ya cika a cikin shekaru ishirin da uku, sai Manzo (S.A.W) ya yi umarni da a haɗa shi kamar yadda yake a yau ɗin nan. Manzo (S.A.W) ya kasance yana tsara wa musulmi duniyarsu da addininsu, yana sanar da su littafi da hikima kuma yana yi musu bayanin dokokin ibada da biyayya da mu'amala da zamantakewa da siyasa da tattalin arziki da sauransu.
Kulafa'u
Dabi'u
Siffofi
Yanada wasu kyawawan idanuwa fiye dana kowa.
Yanada kyakkyawan gashi mafi kyau,
Yana da hanci mekyau fiye dana kowa,
Yanada gira wacce kyawunta baya fado,
Yanada yalwar kai,
Yanada faffadan girji cikakke,
Yanada 'yan yatsu mafiya kyau a halittu
Bazamu iya gayawa mutane sugane ba domin yafi yadda ake fada din kyau
Daraja
Yana daka cikin darajarsa babu wanda yafishi inba allah s.w.t ba yafi kowa da komai daraja duniya da lahira s.a.w dan gatan allah
Kamanni
Annabi s.a.w kyakkyawa ne ba wata tawaya a suffar sa kuma yafi kowa kyau tinda aka halitta duniya
Siyasa
Annabi Muhammad yayi zamanta kewa da yahudawa a madina da kuma mushrikai a Makkah, ya kulla yarje jeniya da yahudawa akan cewa basu hada kai da kowa ba domin a yake shi ba, shima ya amince bazai bari wasu su yake su, sai daga baya suka karya alkawari, sannan Annabi yasa aka yake su a Yakin Banu kuraiza.
Bibiliyo
Peters, F. E. (Francis E.) (2003). Islam, a guide for Jews and Christians. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11553-2. OCLC 50960849.
Aʻẓamī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafá. (2003). The history of the Qur'ānic text : from revelation to compilation : a comparative study with the Old and New Testaments. Leicester: UK Islamic Academy. ISBN 1-872531-65-2. OCLC 53124427
Neusner, Jacob (2003). God's Rule: The Politics of World Religions. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-910-5.
Manazarta
↑Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (primarily non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the invasion of Palestine. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam, page 248, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.
↑Howarth, Stephen. Knights Templar. 1985. 08033994793.ABA p. 199
↑Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami (2003), The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments, pp. 26–27. UK Islamic Academy. 08033994793.ABA.
↑Jonathan, A.C. Brown (2007). The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunnī Hadīth Canon. Brill Publishers. p. 9. ISBN978-90-04-15839-9. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. We can discern three strata of the Sunni ḥadīth canon. The perennial core has been the Ṣaḥīḥayn. Beyond these two foundational classics, some fourth-/tenth-century scholars refer to a four-book selection that adds the two Sunans of Abū Dāwūd (d. 275/889) and al-Nāsaʾī (d. 303/915). The Five Book canon, which is first noted in the sixth/twelfth century, incorporates the Jāmiʿ of al-Tirmidhī (d. 279/892). Finally, the Six Book canon, which hails from the same period, adds either the Sunan of Ibn Mājah (d. 273/887), the Sunan of al-Dāraquṭnī (d. 385/995) or the Muwaṭṭaʾ of Mālik b. Anas (d. 179/796). Later ḥadīth compendia often included other collections as well. None of these books, however, has enjoyed the esteem of al-Bukhārīʼs and Muslimʼs works.
