Batalla de Dunnichen

Batalla de Dunnichen

Conflitos picto-northumbrios

Estela picta con ilustracións que poderían representar a batalla de Dunnichen.

.

Data

20 de maio de 685

Lugar

Descoñecido. Tradicionalmente preto de Dunnichen, Angus. Alternativamente preto de Dunachton, Badenoch.


Resultado

Vitoria picta

Belixerantes
pictos northumbrios
Comandantes
Bridei III Ecgfrith  
[editar datos en Wikidata]

A batalla de Dunnichen ou batalla de Nechtansmere (en gaélico escocés: Dúin Nechaín, en galés: Linn garan) enfrontou aos pictos e ás tribos de Northumbria o 20 de maio de 685 en Nechtansmere. A batalla terminou cunha decisiva vitoria dos pictos que supuxo un importante enfraquecemento da influencia de Northumbria no norte de Gran Bretaña.

Antecedentes e desenvolvemento

No cincuenta anos anteriores á batalla, as tribos de Northumbria expandiran progresivamente os seus territorios cara ao norte, e o reino de Bernicia chegara mesmo a capturar Edimburgo de mans dos Gododdin cara ao ano 638. Durante os seguintes trinta anos, exerceron o seu dominio sobre os reinos de Strathclyde e Dalriada, e mesmo ao reino picto de Fortriu.

Seguindo con esta expansión cara ao norte, e aparentemente tamén para deter as incursións pictas nas súas terras, o rei Ecgfrith de Northumbria invadiu o territorio picto en 685. O enfrontamento entre ambos os exércitos produciuse o día 20 de maio preto de Dunnichen. Os pictos finxiron retirarse, atraendo así ás tropas de Northumbria cara a un pantano. O rei picto, Bridei III deu morte a Ecgfrith, masacrou o seu exército e fixo escravos a gran parte dos sobreviventes. Tras esta batalla, a influencia de Northumbria nunca volveu estenderse cara ao norte máis aló do fiorde de Forth.

As fontes históricas sobre o desenvolvemento desta batalla son moi escasas. Beda o Venerábel describiuna brevemente xa no século VIII, e tamén aparece nos Anais do Ulster e de Tigernach. Crese que unha estela picta ilustrada atopada nunha igrexa en Aberlemno, seis quilómetros ao norte de Dunnichen, foi erixida para conmemorar esta vitoria[1]. Grazas ás referencias achegadas por Beda, os historiadores sitúan Nechtansmere en Letham (Angus), preto de Dunnichen. Con todo, investigacións recentes levadas a cabo por Alex Woolf, da Universidade de St Andrews, suxiren que a batalla puido ter lugar en Dunachton, Badenoch, na beira occidental do lago Insh[2].

Notas

  1. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/darkages/trails_darkages_picts2.shtml"
  2. Alex Woolf, "Dun Nechtain, Fortriu and the Geography of the Picts" (en prensa)

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