Lazarillo de Tormes

La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus fortunas y adversidades
(Beatha Lazarillo de Tormes agus a chuid seanns is cruadalachd)
Fiosrachadh
Sgrìobhadair Neo-ainmichte
Bliadhna Foillseachaidh 1554
Cànan Spàinntis
Dùthaich An Spàinn
Gnè-sgrìobhaidh Picaresca, Bildungsroman Aois an Òir
Cuspair Nobhail Poileataigeach agus Sòisealta
Suidhichte Salamanca, Toledo

'S e nobhail phoileataigeach agus sòisealta Spàinntis, on Aois an Òir air a sgrìobhadh gu dìomhair ann an stoidhl aoireil ris an canar pìocarach,[1] 's th' ann an La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus fortunas y adversidades (Gàidhlig: Beatha Lazarillo de Tormes agus a chuid seanns is cruadalachd). Chaidh fhoillseachadh airson a' chiad turais ann an 1554 aig an aon àm ann an trì bailtean: Alcalá de Henares, Antwerpen agus Burgos.[2] Suidhichte ann an Salamanca, Toledo agus ann an iomadh baile beag eile ann an cridhe na Spàinne, 's e bildungsroman 's ann an Lazarillo de Tormes, a leanas beatha fir bochd anns An Spàinn anns an 16mh Linn. Thug an nobhaileag bheag seo buaidh uabhasach fhèin làidir air sgrìobhadairean eile mar Cervantes, Daniel Defoe, Charles Dickens, Henry Fielding, Jean-Jacques Rousseau agus Mark Twain.

Nòs-litreachaidh

'S nobhail a tha a' beachdadh air fèin-ionnsachadh agus rud suarach - air neo - picaresca, agus ged a tha coltas gu math sìmplidh air an structar, 's e tha domhainn toinnte. Canar gu bheil i gu ìre litreach leis gu bheil i a' nochdadh ann an cruth litir a sgrìobhas an t-ùghdair do vuestra merced (Gàidhlig: A Dhuine Uaisle). Seallaidh sin dhuinn gu bheil cuideigin bho chlas sòisealta nas àirde ann, agus an sgrìobhadair an sàs sa "chùis", a thathar a' deasbad. Iarrar air Lázaro gun innis e a h-uile càil, rud a nì e. Mar sin, 's mathaid gu bheil Lazarillo a' dèanamh faoisd do àrd-shagart air choireigin, eadhon easbaig Toledo fhèin, agus 's dòcha gun do chuala esan fathannan grod suarach mu dhòighean àrd-shagart na eaglaise San Salvador, mar a gheibh sinn a-mach aig deireadh na nobhail, agus esan a' cleachdadh bean Lazarillo mar coileabach.

Geàrr-aithris

'S e balach bochd ìogarrach à Salamanca ann an ceann a thuath na Spàinne 's th'ann an Lázaro. Nuair a dh'fhàgas na daoine air a leas-athair gu bheil esan a' gabhail ri meàirle, dh'iarras a mhàthair air pòcair sèolta dall gun gabh e Lazarillo (Lázaro beag) mar thàilleabhach. Fàsaidh Lázaro uabhasach fhèin sèolta fhad 's a tha e fo stiùir an fhir seo agus cuid a mhaighstairean eile, agus, anns an dealachadh, gheibh a-mach mar a nì esan fhèin an aon rud car suarach a rinn athair roimhe.

Clàr-innse na Nobhail

Toirmeasg

Chaidh Lazarillo de Tormes a thoirmeasg le Riaghaltas na Spàinne agus bha e air a chur air liosta nan Leabhraichean Toirmisgte a ' cumadh Mion-cheasnachadh Mòr na Spàinne: b' e gu ìre air sgàth gu robh an leabhar loma-làn bheachdan an-chlèireachail. Ann an 1573, thugadh cead airson dreach an leabhair fhoillseachadh, ach às aonais caibideilean 4 is 5 and agus criomagan bho chaibideilean eile. Cha do nochd an nobhail shlàn anns An Spàinn fhèin gu ruige an 19mh Linn, is dìreach an dreach à Antwerpen rim faotainn air feadh a Roinn Eorpa, air a h-eadar-theangachadh gu Fraingis (1560), Beurla (1576), Duitsis (1579), Gearmailtis (1617), agus Eadailtis (1622).

Iomraidhean

  1. Sicroff, Albert A. "Sobre el estilo del Lazarillo de Tormes", in Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica, Vol 11, No. 2 (1957).
  2. Benito-Vessels, Carmen, and Michael Zappala, Eds. The Picaresque: A Symposium on the Rogue’s Tale. Newark, NJ: University of Delaware Press / London & Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1994.

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