Ali‘i

Ali‘i, Hawaïaansk foar "haadman" of "haadfrou" (útspr.: [ɐ'liʔi], likernôch: "uh-li-y") wie in erflike titel dy't oant de ein fan 'e njoggentjinde iuw fierd waard troch de lânseigen aadlike hegerein op 'e Hawaï-eilannen. De ali‘i foarmen in sletten maatskiplike kaste, wêrfan't de leden neffens de Hawaïaanske tradysje ôfstammen fan 'e goaden. Hja regearren sadwaande mei godlike macht (mana), dy't fuortkaam út 'e spirituële enerzjy fan harren foarâlden. De hearskippij fan 'e ali‘i kaam yn 1893 tagelyk mei it Keninkryk Hawaï oan syn ein, doe't blanke plantaazje-eigners en keaplju mei Amerikaanske stipe in steatsgreep útfierden tsjin keninginne Lili‘uokalani, de lêste monarch fan Hawaï.

Der bestiene ferskate klassen fan ali‘i:

  • ali‘i nui: de hege haadlju dy't in hiel eilân of mear as ien eilân regearren en gjin oaren boppe har hiene. De fjouwer grutste Hawaï-eilannen (Hawaï, Maui, Oähû en Kauaï) waarden yn 'e regel regearre troch in ali‘i nui, dy't yn 'e Westerske hisotaryske literatuer almeast lykslein wurde mei keningen (of keninginnen). Molokaï hie oarspronklik ek in laach fan sokke ali‘i nui, mar kaam letter ôfwikseljend ûnder it bewâld fan 'e hearskers fan Maui en Oähû te stean. Mō‘ī wie in titel dy't oarspronklik inkeld brûkt waard troch de ali‘i nui fan Maui, en dy't fan 1795 ôf troch de keningen fan Hawaï fierd waard. Yn 'e perioade fan it Keninkryk Hawaï (1795-1893) waard ali‘i nui de titel fan 'e eilângûverneurs.
  • ali‘i nui kapu: hillige hearskers dêr't spesjale taboes op fan tapassing wiene.
  • ali‘i pi‘o: in rang fan haadlju dy't fuortkamen út houliken tusken in folle broer en suster.
  • ali‘i naha: in rang fan haadlju dy't fuortkamen út houliken tusken healbruorren en -susters.
  • ali‘i wohi: in rang fan haadlju dy't fuortkamen út houliken tusken neie famyljeleden dy't gjin bruorren en susters wiene.
  • kaukau ali‘i: de mindere haadlju dy't de hoffunksjonarissen fan 'e ali‘i nui wiene.
  • ali‘i aimoku: de regionale of lokale haadlju, dy't it bewâld hiene oer dielen fan eilannen.

Alle preesters en preesteressen (kahuna) kamen ek út 'e klasse fan 'e ali‘i.

Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes

Boarnen, noaten en/as referinsjes:

Foar boarnen en oare literatuer, sjoch ûnder: References en Further reading, op dizze side.

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