Sulfure de thorium(IV)

Sulfure de thorium(IV)
Image illustrative de l’article Sulfure de thorium(IV)
__ Th4+     __ S2−
Structure cristalline du sulfure de thorium(IV).
Identification
Nom UICPA bis(sulfanylidène)thorium
No CAS 12138-07-7
No ECHA 100.032.026
No CE 235-242-8
PubChem 82937
SMILES
InChI
Apparence solide brun violacé[1]
Propriétés chimiques
Formule S2ThThS2
Masse molaire[2] 296,168 ± 0,01 g/mol
S 21,65 %, Th 78,35 %,
Propriétés physiques
fusion 1 905 ± 30 °C[1]
Solubilité Pratiquement insoluble dans l'eau, mais soluble dans les acides[3]
Masse volumique 7,36 g/cm3[1]
Cristallographie
Système cristallin orthorhombique[1]
Classe cristalline ou groupe d’espace Pnma (no 62) [1]
Paramètres de maille a = 426,8 pm, b = 726,4 pm, c = 861,7 pm[1]
Précautions
Matériau radioactif
Composé radioactif

Unités du SI et CNTP, sauf indication contraire.

Le sulfure de thorium(IV) est un composé chimique de formule ThS2. Il est l'un des sulfures de thorium, parmi le sulfure de thorium(II) ThS noir, le sulfure de thorium(III) Th2S3 brun, le sulfure Th7S12 noir (avec des formules dans l'intervalle ThS1,71-1,76), le polysulfure Th3S7 rouge sombre et le thiosulfure ThOS[1]. Le sulfure de thorium(IV) se présente sous la forme d'un solide brun violacé cristallisé avec la structure du chlorure de plomb(II), c'est-à-dire avec le groupe d'espace Pnma (no 62). Ses paramètres cristallins sont a = 426,8 pm, b = 726,4 pm et c = 861,7 pm[1]. Il se décompose vers 1 905 °C en libérant du soufre. Comme les autres sulfures de thorium, il peut notamment être produit directement en faisant réagir du thorium avec du soufre, ou en faisant réagir de l'hydrure de thorium(IV) ThH4 ou du dioxyde de thorium ThO2 avec du sulfure d'hydrogène H2S à 1 500 °C[1] :

Th + 2 S ⟶ ThS2 ;
ThO2 + 2 H2S ⟶ ThS2 + 2 H2O.

Il trouve un usage comme lubrifiant solide[3].

Notes et références

  1. a b c d e f g h et i (de) Georg Brauer, en collaboration avec Marianne Baudler, Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie, 3e éd. révisée, vol. 2, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, 1978, p. 1148. (ISBN 3-432-87813-3)
  2. Masse molaire calculée d’après « Atomic weights of the elements 2007 », sur www.chem.qmul.ac.uk.
  3. a et b (en) Dale L. Perry, Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, 2e éd., CRC Press, 2011, p. 489. (ISBN 978-1439814611)

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