Sefer Nestor Ha-Komer

Sefer Nestor Ha-Komer ou le Livre de Nestor le Prêtre, généralement daté aux alentours du Xe siècle[1], est un ouvrage polémique anonyme, restitution en hébreu d'un texte judéo-arabe connu sous le nom de Qissat mujadalat al-usquf et qui a été utilisé en sa forme hébraïque dans le monde chrétien par les polémistes ashkénazes au cours du Moyen Âge, particulièrement au XIIIe siècle[2]. L'original arabe attribue le texte de manière probablement fictive à un prêtre converti au judaïsme[3].

Il constitue le plus ancien témoignage d'une polémique juive anti-chrétienne[4],[5] pour un genre polémique quasi inexistant dans la tradition juive jusqu'alors[6]. Il cite abondamment et de façon critique le Nouveau Testament et les sources ecclésiastiques. Les thèmes qu'on y trouve ont influencé les critiques du christianisme dans les écrits polémiques ultérieurs : contradictions internes du Nouveau Testament et de ce dernier avec la Torah, impossibilité que Dieu soit incarné en homme avec les contingences corporelles que cela implique, Trinité chrétienne et Incarnation indéfendables sur un plan logique, le christianisme est une distorsion de la religion réelle de Jésus [7]...

Voir aussi

Notes et références

  1. Daniel J. Lasker et Sarah Stroumsa (éds.), The Polemic of Nestor the Priest : Introduction, annotated translations and commentary, éd. Ben-Zvi Institute for the Study of Jewish Communities in the East, 1996, cités par Jean-Christophe Attias, De la Bible à la littérature, éd. Labor et Fides, 2003, p.79
  2. Ora Limor et Guy G. Stroumsa, Contra Iudaeos: Ancient and Medieval Polemics Between Christians and Jews, éd. Mohr Siebeck, 1996, p. 199
  3. Jean-Christophe Attias, De la Bible à la littérature, éd. Labor et Fides, 2003, p.80
  4. Joel E. Rembaum, The Influence of "Sefer Nestor Hakomer" on Medieval Jewish Polemics, in: Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, Vol. 45, (1978)
  5. Daniel J. Lasker, Jewish-Christian Polemics at the Turning Point: Jewish Evidence from the Twelfth Century, in: The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 89, No. 2 (Apr., 1996)
  6. Jean-Christophe Attias, De la Bible à la littérature, éd. Labor et Fides, 2003, p.79
  7. Daniel J. Lasker, « Qissat Mujadalat al-Usquf and Nestor Ha-Komer : The Earliest Arabic and Hebrew Jewish Anti-Christian Polemics. », in Joshua Blau and Stefan C. Reif (éds.), Geni a Research After Ninety Years : The Case of Judaeo-Arabic, University of Cambridge Oriental Publications, éd. University of Cambridge Press, 1992, pp. 112-118, cité par Theo L. Hettema (éd.), Religious Polemics in Context: Papers Presented to the Second International Conference of the Leiden Institute for the Study of Religions (Lisor) Held at Leiden, 27-28 April, 2000, éd. Uitgeverij Van Gorcum, 2004, p.546

Bibliographie

  • Daniel J. Lasker et Sarah Stroumsa (éds.), The Polemic of Nestor the Priest : Introduction, annotated translations and commentary, éd. Ben-Zvi Institute for the Study of Jewish Communities in the East, 1996
  • Daniel J. Lasker, « Qissat Mujadalat al-Usquf and Nestor Ha-Komer : The Earliest Arabic and Hebrew Jewish Anti-Christian Polemics. », in Joshua Blau and Stefan C. Reif (éds.), Geni a Research After Ninety Years : The Case of Judaeo-Arabic, University of Cambridge Oriental Publications, éd. University of Cambridge Press, 1992, pp. 112-118

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