Rouergat

Rouergat
Roergàs
Pays France
Région Rouergue ou Aveyron
Typologie SVO syllabique
Classification par famille

Le rouergat est un sous-dialecte de l'occitan languedocien.

Définition

Le rouergat est le parler roman traditionnel de l'Aveyron, ce département recouvrant presque exactement l’étendue de l’ancien Rouergue. Il constitue un sous-dialecte du languedocien, lui-même dialecte de l'occitan[1].

En 1954 le chanoine Joseph Salvat, auteur d'une grammaire occitane, décrivit le rouergat ainsi[2] : « Il est situé entre les parlers d'Aurillac, de l'Auvergne, du Gévaudan, de Montpellier, de l'Albigeois et du Quercy. De tous ces parlers voisins il se différencie surtout par la phonétique, par la tendance à fermer le a atone, même le a tonique, en o, et à transformer le o tonique en uo : on dira nodal pour « nadal  », compono pour « campano  », un cuop, lo fuon pour « un cop », « la fon » (a). Il s'ensuit un assourdissement continuel qui rend le parler rouergat un peu lourd, avec des voyelles souvent indistinctes.
L'abbé Vayssier distingue les patois en e du nord (Espalion), où l'on dit eima, peiri, compono, les patois en o du centre (Millau et Rodez) où l'on dit oima, poiri, compono, et les patois en a du sud (Saint-Affrique et Villefranche) où l'on dit aima, pairi, campano (b). »

a. Noël, cloche, une fois, la fontaine
b. Aimer, parrain, cloche

Blason du Rouergue.

En dépit de quelques variantes, comme dans le terroir du sous-dialecte carladézien, l'ensemble du département de l'Aveyron (de Mur-de-Barrez à Camarès et de Najac à Nant) possède un vocabulaire commun.[réf. nécessaire]

L'ouvrage de référence du lexique rouergat est le Dictionnaire patois-français du département de l'Aveyron de l'abbé Aimé Vayssier (, Canet d'Olt - , Recoules-Prévinquières)[3].

Bibliographie

  • Marcelle Sabatier, Le parler de l'Aveyron, Ed. Lacour, 1996, 95 pages
  • Aimé Vayssier, Dictionnaire patois-français du département de l'Aveyron, 14,8 x 21 cm, broché. Réimpression de l’édition de Rodez, 1979 [lire en ligne]
  • Hans Stroh, Remarques sur l'emploi du pronom personnel sujet en rouergat moderne, RLiR t. 35 n°139-140, 271-278, actes du VIe congrès international de langue et littérature d'oc et d'études franco-provençales, Montpellier 25-, 1971
  • Hans Stroh, L'accord du participe passé en occitan rouergat et en français : étude comparative. Rodez, Grelh Roergàs, 2002
  • 200 ans de littérature occitane millavoise. De Claude Peyrot à Georges Girard, Grelh roergàs, n°14, 1976

Références

  1. (oc) Domergue Sumien, Classificacion dei dialèctes occitans / Classification des dialectes occitans, Ais de Provença, Linguistica occitana 7, setembre de 2009, 56 p., consulté le 31 octobre 2023
  2. (fr + oc) Abbé Joseph Salvat, L'abbé Bessou, Toulouse, Collège d'Occitanie, 1956, p. 6 & 7 consultées le 30 octobre 2023
  3. (fr + oc) Josiana Ubaud, Diccionari ortografic, gramatical e morfologic de l'occitan / Dictionnaire orthographique, grammatical et morphologique de l'occitan, Canet, Trabucaire, 2011, 1161 p., p. 22-24 (ISBN 978-84-974-1252-0)

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