Polynôme osculateur

Approximations polynomiales du logarithme népérien en 1 de degrés 1, 2, 3 et 10.
Approximations polynomiales de la fonction sinus en 0 de degrés 1, 3, 5 et 7.

En analyse, un polynôme osculateur ou osculatoire est un polynôme fournissant une « bonne approximation » d'une fonction.

Définition

Considérons ƒ une fonction réelle n fois dérivable en un point x0. Le polynôme p est dit osculatoire si

En particulier, pour n = 2, on constate donc que le polynôme est tangent et a la même courbure que ƒ en x0.

Formule

Le polynôme osculateur de degré minimal est donc son polynôme de Taylor :

Cependant, pour tout polynôme Q, tout polynôme de la forme

est également osculateur.

Applications

Un polynôme osculateur peut remplacer localement une fonction ƒ. Cela permet d'avoir une fonction plus facile à manipuler.

Voir aussi

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