Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Pathognomonique

Le signe de Koplik est pathognomonique de la rougeole.

On dit d'un signe clinique ou d'un symptôme qu'il est pathognomonique (du grec παθογνωμονικό [σύμπτωμα]) lorsqu'il caractérise spécifiquement une maladie unique et permet donc, à lui seul, d'en établir le diagnostic certain lorsqu’il est présent. Cependant, pathognomonique ne veut pas dire systématique : l'absence d'un signe pathognomonique n'exclut pas la maladie.

Les signes pathognomoniques sont très rares, ce qui fait toute la difficulté du diagnostic médical. Le plus connu est le signe de Koplik, qui consiste en la présence de petites taches blanchâtres sur la muqueuse buccale en regard des molaires, qui surviennent quelques jours avant l'éruption de la rougeole.

La pathognomonie est l'étude des signes et des symptômes pathognomoniques[1].

Aspects historiques

L'adjectif pathognomonique vient du grec πάθος (páthos), maladie, souffrance et γνώμη (gnốmê), esprit, jugement, certitude, tandis que γνώμων (gnômôn), signal indicateur, a donné le terme gnomon[1].

Les synonymes désuets de pathognomonique sont «univoque», «pathognostique», et «diacritique»[1],[2].

Historiquement, la «diacrise» était la phase critique d'une maladie, où l'apparition de signes cliniques « diacritiques » permettait de distinguer et diagnostiquer une maladie[3]. Ce que l'on n'attend plus en médecine moderne, axée sur le diagnostic précoce.

Exemples de signes pathognomoniques

Cardiologie

Dermatologie

Infectiologie

  • Le signe de Koplik est classiquement considéré comme pathognomonique de la rougeole, à connaitre pour un diagnostic pré-éruptif précoce de la rougeole[4], cependant quelques études récentes en contestent le bien fondé : ce signe pouvant se voir dans d'autres affections virales comme la rubéole, ou le parvovirus B19[5],[6].

Neurologie

Ophtalmologie

  • L'instillation de fluorescéine (colorant) dans l'œil permet de détecter s'il y a perte de l'épithélium cornéen, lors d'un traumatisme par exemple, par l'apparition de tache jaune à l'endroit où l'épithélium est abîmé.

Notes et références

  1. a b et c Garnier Delamare, Dictionnaire illustré des termes de médecine, Paris, Maloine, , 1094 p. (ISBN 978-2-224-03434-4), p. 711.
  2. A. Manuila, Dictionnaire français de médecine et de biologie, t. III, Masson, , p. 238.
  3. A. Manuila, Dictionnaire français de médecine et de biologie, t. Ier, Masson, , p. 795.
  4. Prachi Jain et Manu Rathee, « Koplik Spots », dans StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing, (PMID 31747200, lire en ligne)
  5. Raphael Battegay, Christoph Itin et Peter Itin, « Dermatological Signs and Symptoms of Measles: A Prospective Case Series and Comparison with the Literature », Dermatology, vol. 224, no 1,‎ , p. 1–4 (ISSN 1018-8665, DOI 10.1159/000335091, lire en ligne, consulté le )
  6. Hirokazu Kimura, Komei Shirabe, Makoto Takeda et Miho Kobayashi, « The Association Between Documentation of Koplik Spots and Laboratory Diagnosis of Measles and Other Rash Diseases in a National Measles Surveillance Program in Japan », Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 10,‎ , p. 269 (ISSN 1664-302X, PMID 30833942, PMCID 6387930, DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00269, lire en ligne, consulté le )

Read other articles:

Este artículo o sección puede ser demasiado extenso(a). Algunos navegadores pueden ralentizarse al mostrar este artículo. Por favor, considera separar cada sección por artículos independientes, y luego resumir las secciones presentes en este artículo para así poder reducir su tamaño. Carnaval en Roma (detalle). Óleo de Johannes Lingelbach, c. 1650/1651. Máscaras en el Carnaval de Venecia Casa del Carnaval. Rosario de Lerma. Salta El carnaval o carnestolendas es una celebración que tie…

US wartime propaganda campaign The playing cards During the 2003 invasion of Iraq by a United States–led coalition, the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency developed a set of playing cards to help troops identify the most-wanted members of President Saddam Hussein's government, mostly high-ranking members of the Iraqi Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party or members of the Revolutionary Command Council; among them were some of Hussein's family members. The cards were officially named…

Traditional semolina cake eaten in Sri Lanka Love cakeAlternative namesBolo di AmorTypeCakePlace of originSri LankaRegion or stateWestern Asia and Southern AsiaMain ingredientsSemolina, Puhul-Ddosi (Pumpkin Preserve), Eggs, Sugar, Butter, CashewsFood energy(per serving)Calorie rich kcalSimilar dishesSugee cake Love cake or Bolo di Amor, is a type of semolina cake eaten in Sri Lanka on special occasions.[1] They are often baked for cultural celebrations such as Christmas,[2] …

Simulator kuda mekanik terbuat dari kayu saat PDI. Simulasi atau pengimakan adalah suatu proses peniruan dari sesuatu yang nyata beserta keadaan sekelilingnya (state of affairs). Aksi melakukan simulasi ini secara umum menggambarkan sifat-sifat karakteristik kunci dari kelakuan sistem fisik atau sistem. Contoh simulasi dari mesin uap Lihat pula Perangkat lunak simulasi Pengawasan otoritas Umum Integrated Authority File (Jerman) Perpustakaan nasional Jepang Republik Ceko Lain-lain Microsoft Acade…

Dieser Artikel behandelt Kraftfahrzeuge. Zum Transportmittel für Kleinkinder siehe Kinderwagen#Sportwagen. Porsche 911, ein seit 1964 in verschiedenen Ausführungen gebauter Sportwagen Bugatti Type 35 B von 1925 beim DAMC 05 Oldtimer Festival Nürburgring Ferrari 512 beim 1000-km-Rennen 1970 auf dem Nürburgring – Das S auf der Seite des Wagens zeigt an, dass er in der Sportwagenklasse fährt. Porsche 914-6 in der GT-Klasse 1970 auf dem Nürburgring Sportwagen ist ein Begriff des Automobilmar…

1967 Alberta general election ← 1963 May 23, 1967 (1967-05-23) 1971 → ← outgoing membersmembers →65 seats in Legislative Assembly of Alberta 33 seats were needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party Third party   LIB Leader Ernest Manning Peter Lougheed Michael Maccagno Party Social Credit Progressive Conservative Liberal Leader since May 31, 1943 1965 January 28, 1967 Leader's seat Strathcona East Calgary-W…

Reka BudiarsaKomandan Lanud SupadioPetahanaMulai menjabat 16 November 2023PendahuluPrasetiya HalimKomandan Komando Sektor I Koopsud IMasa jabatan27 April 2023 – 16 November 2023PendahuluMohammad NurdinPenggantiJajang Setiawan Informasi pribadiLahir5 Desember 1974 (umur 49)JakartaAlma materAkademi Angkatan Udara (1996)Karier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang TNI Angkatan UdaraMasa dinas1996—sekarangPangkat Marsekal Pertama TNISatuanKorps PenerbangSunting kotak inf…

Wallaby captain John Solomon chaired by two Springbok players, 2nd Test 1953The contest between The Wallabies and The Springboks is one of the major rivalries in rugby union. Since 2000s, the two teams have competed for the Mandela Challenge Plate. The teams' first meeting was on 8 July 1933 at Newlands in Cape Town in the first of 5 tests on the 1933 Wallabies tour. The test was won 17–3 by South Africa who also won that first series 3–2. South Africa has a 53.8% winning record against Aust…

Dua gulungan perak yang ditemukan di Ketef Hinnom dipamerkan pada Museum Israel . Ketef Hinnom (Ibrani: כָּתֵף הִינוֹם katef hinom, pundak Hinnom) adalah sebuah tempat penelitian arkeologi di sebelah barat daya kota kuno Yerusalem, dekat dengan St. Andrew's Church, sekarang di atas tanah milik Menachem Begin Heritage Center. Situs ini terdiri dari serangkaian kamar-kamar makam yang digali di bukit batu dari gua-gua alamiah. Pada tahun 1979 di salah satu ruangan ini ditemukan dua gul…

Der Titel dieses Artikels ist mehrdeutig. Weitere Bedeutungen sind unter Ähre (Begriffsklärung) aufgeführt. Kornähre ist eine Weiterleitung auf diesen Artikel. Siehe auch: Die Kornähre bzw. Die Kornähren, Märchentitel. Ähre bezeichnet in der Botanik einen Blütenstandstyp mit gestreckter Hauptachse, an der ungestielte Einzelblüten sitzen. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Aufbau 2 Abwandlungen vom Grundbauplan 3 Doppelähre 4 Siehe auch 5 Weblinks 6 Einzelnachweise Aufbau Eine Ähre (Spica) ist ein …

Process of pairing in biologyThis article is about sexual reproduction. For the mating of mechanical components, see Engineering fit. For the 1991 American novel, see Mating (novel). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Mating – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2013) (Learn how a…

Ruler or sub-ruler of the county of Flanders Countess of Flanders redirects here. For the wife of a Count of Flanders, see List of countesses of Flanders by marriage. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Count of Flanders – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2012) (Learn how and whe…

Sri Lankan politician HonourableBandula Lal BandarigodaMPMember of Parliamentfor Galle DistrictIncumbentAssumed office 2015 Personal detailsBornBandula Lal BandarigodaPolitical partyUnited National PartyAlma materNagoda Royal College Bandula Lal Bandarigoda is a Sri Lankan politician. He is a current member of the parliament of Sri Lanka for Galle District.[1][2] Bandarigoda is member of the United National Party and he previously served as a member of the Southern Provincial…

KhubilaiKha Khan Kekaisaran MongoliaKhan Dinasti YuanKaisar TiongkokPortret Kublai Khan, Khan Agung (Kha Khan) terakhir.Khan Agung Kekaisaran MongolBerkuasa5 Mei 1260 – 18 Februari 1293Penobatan5 Mei 1260PendahuluMongke KhanPenerusTemur Khan (Dinasti Yuan)WaliAriq Böke (dari 11 Agustus 1258 – 21 Agustus 1264)Kaisar Dinasti YuanBerkuasa18 Desember 1271 – 18 Februari 1294PendahuluPosisi didirikanPenerusTemur KhanInformasi pribadiKelahiran23 September 1215Kematian18 Februari 1294(1294-02-18)…

Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said SurakartaJenisPerguruan tinggi Islam negeri di IndonesiaDidirikan12 September 1992Lembaga indukKementerian Agama Republik IndonesiaAfiliasiIslamRektorProf. Dr. Toto Suharto, S.Ag., M.Ag.LokasiJalan Pandawa, Pucangan, Kartasura, Sukoharjo, Jawa TengahKampus± 14 HaSitus webwww.uinsaid.ac.id Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said (UIN RMS) Surakarta, yang dahulu bernama Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Surakarta kemudian berubah alih status menjadi…

علم الجريمةصنف فرعي من علوم اجتماعية يمتهنه عالم جريمة فروع rural criminology (en) تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات ثلاث نسوة مقيدات في الصين، 1875 علم الإجرام هو الدراسة العلمية لمنع السلوك الإجرامي، ومعرفة طبيعتها وأسبابها، وعواقبها، وكيفية السيطرة عليها، سواء على المستوى الف…

2010 American filmThe ExperimentTheatrical release posterDirected byPaul T. ScheuringScreenplay byPaul T. ScheuringBased onDas Experimentby Oliver HirschbiegelMario GiordanoChristoph DarnstädtDon BohlingerProduced byPaul T. Scheuring,Jeanette B. MilioStarringAdrien BrodyForest WhitakerCam GigandetClifton Collins, Jr.Fisher StevensMaggie GraceCinematographyAmy VincentEdited byPeter S. ElliotMusic byGraeme RevellProductioncompaniesStage 6 FilmsAlliance CinemaMagnet MediaMercatorDistributed bySony…

Dulafid dynastyc.800–897/898CapitalKarajCommon languagesClassical ArabicReligion Sunni IslamGovernmentEmirateHistory • Established c.800• Disestablished 897/898 Preceded by Succeeded by Abbasid caliphate Abbasid caliphate Historical Arab states and dynasties Ancient Arab states Kingdom of Qedar 800 BC–300 BC Kingdom of Lihyan 600 BC–100 BC Nabataean Kingdom 400 BC–106 AD Kingdom of Kinda 450 AD–550 AD Kingdom of Osroene 132 BC–244 AD Emesan dynasty 64 BC–300…

1971 studio album by Earth, Wind & FireThe Need of LoveStudio album by Earth, Wind & FireReleasedNovember 1971Recorded1971StudioSunset Sound Studios, HollywoodGenre Funk soul jazz fusion[1] Length31:41LabelWarner Bros.ProducerJoe WissertEarth, Wind & Fire chronology Earth, Wind & Fire(1971) The Need of Love(1971) Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song(1971) The Need of Love is the second studio album by American band Earth, Wind & Fire, released in November 1971 by…

Former church-site in London Church in London, EnglandSt Mary ColechurchCurrent picture of siteLocationLondonCountryUnited KingdomDenominationChurch of EnglandArchitectureYears built10th centuryDemolished1666AdministrationDioceseLondon St Mary Colechurch was a parish church in the City of London destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and not rebuilt.[1] History The church was situated at the junction of Poultry and the south end of Old Jewry.[2] Named after its first benef…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya