Lactoferrine

LTF
Structures disponibles
PDBRecherche d'orthologue: PDBe RCSB
Identifiants
AliasesLTF
IDs externesOMIM: 150210 MGI: 96837 HomoloGene: 1754 GeneCards: LTF
Wikidata
Voir/Editer HumainVoir/Editer Souris

La lactoferrine (parfois dite « LF ») est une glycoprotéine de la famille des transferrines qui se lie au fer et a des effets bactériostatiques, bactéricides, antiviraux, immunomodulateurs, anti-inflammatoires et protecteur de la muqueuse intestinale[5]. Une partie de ces effets biologiques serait liée à sa très forte affinité pour le fer.

Son gène est LTF situé sur le chromosome 3 humain.

Elle est présente dans le lait cru. Ses concentrations dans le lait humain sont 5 à 10 fois plus élevées que dans le lait de vache laitière (150 mg/l).

Production

La concentration en lactoferrine du lait maternel décroit au cours du premier mois[6]. Cette concentration reste supérieure à celle dans le lait de vache ou dans les laits maternisés[7].

Mode d'action

La lactoferrine agit en régulant la réponse immunitaire cellulaire à différents niveaux[8].

Chez des individus en bonne santé, elle serait en première ligne dans le système de défense immunitaire et protège des invasions infectieuses les ouvertures et orifices du corps, ce grâce à sa capacité unique à se lier au fer, utilisé par un vaste éventail d’organismes pathogènes et de tumeurs pour croître et se reproduire.

Elle joue un rôle dans les premières lignes de défense contre les organismes pathogènes invasifs, probablement en les privant du fer nécessaire à leur croissance. Délivrée dans les zones d’inflammation par les granulocytes[9], elle limite la disponibilité du fer pour les envahisseurs pathogènes, les empêchant ainsi de l’utiliser pour se multiplier.

Elle pourrait également « lyser » directement la membrane cellulaire de certains organismes pathogènes[10].

Métabolisme

La lactoferrine est trouvée dans certaines zones spécifiques du système nerveux central et plus particulièrement chez l'Homme dans la substance noire où on la trouve dans les neurones dopaminergiques et dans les cellules microgliales qui la produisent uniquement quand elles sont activées [11].

Chez le nourrisson, la lactoferrine n'est pas totalement dégradée dans le tube digestif[12].

Un récepteur à la lactoferrine humaine a été identifié au niveau des cellules de l'endothélium de l'intestin chez le fœtus[13].

Utilisation médicale

Schéma de defense du poumon

La lactoferrine bovine, en tant que complément alimentaire, est autorisée aux États-Unis[14]. Son efficacité a été démontrée par de nombreuses études[15].

  • Elle réduit les problèmes infectieux chez les grands prématurés[16], dont le risque d'entérocolite nécrosante[17], mais cette efficacité n'est pas retrouvée dans toutes les études[18]. On notera néanmoins qu'elle est très utilisée en Asie et en particulier au Japon, où les poudres de lait infantile sont toutes enrichies en lactoferrine[19],[20].
  • la lactoferrine est parfois prescrite en complément des traitements de l'anémie liée à la grossesse[21].

La lactoferrine est reconnue comme un principe actif pharmaceutique par les agences Européennes EMEA et Américaines FDAdans le cadre d'une préparation pharmaceutique.

En raison de ses propriétés antivirales, immunomodulatrices et anti-inflammatoires, la lactoferrine a été proposée et testées dans le cadre du développement et recherche de médicaments contre la Covid-19, contre l'accrochage du SARS-CoV-2 sur sa cible. ACE2[34].

Régulateur de l'assimilation du Fer (Fe)

La lactoferrine est un régulateur permettant l'assimilation du fer dans l'organisme. Cela pourrait paraître antinomique avec le fait que l'utilisation du lait UHT génère chez les jeunes enfants (bébés) une carence en fer si on ne rappelait que la lactoferrine est sensible aux traitements thermiques (>60 °C). Dès lors, il convient d'utiliser et/ou d'extraire la lactoferrine du lait cru ou microfiltré.

Ce rôle de régulateur de fer revient également à dire que chez la personne anémiée ou chez les grands sportifs, supplémenter en lactoferrine via l'utilisation de compléments alimentaires ou de lait cru/microfiltré ou via la consommation d'aliments riches en fer (lentilles, foie, abats) permet de retrouver très rapidement un taux de fer ou de ferritine normale. La lactoferrine peut aussi aider des personnes utilisant des médicaments de type tardyféron, pour rétablir plus rapidement leur équilibre en fer mais aussi éviter la production de radicaux libres générés par l'utilisation des dits médicaments.

Notes et références

  1. a b et c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000012223 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. a b et c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032496 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. « Publications PubMed pour l'Homme », sur National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
  4. « Publications PubMed pour la Souris », sur National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
  5. Kruzel, M L, Harari, Y., Chen, C. Y., & Castro, G. A. (2000). Lactoferrin protects gut mucosal integrity during endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. Inflammation, 24(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/ 10.1023/a:1006935908960
  6. Trend S, Strunk T, Lloyd ML et al. Levels of innate immune factors in preterm and term mothers' breast milk during the 1st month postpartum, Br J Nutr, 2016;115:1178-1193
  7. Donovan SM, The role of lactoferrin in gastrointestinal and immune development and function: a preclinical perspective, J Pediatr, 2016;173:S16-S28
  8. Legrand D, Overview of lactoferrin as a natural immune modulator, J Pediatr, 2016;173:S10-S15
  9. Ward PP, Uribe-Luna S, Conneely OM, Lactoferrin and host defense, Biochem Cell Biol, 2002;80:95-102
  10. Orsi N, The antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin: current status and perspectives, Biometals, 2004;17:189-196
  11. Carine Fillebeen, Marie-Magdeleine Ruchoux, Valérie Mitchell, Sylvie Vincent, Monique Benaı̈ssa, Annick Pierce (2001) Lactoferrin is synthesized by activated microglia in the human substantia nigra and its synthesis by the human microglial CHME cell line is upregulated by tumor necrosis factor α or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium treatment (Original Research Article) ; Molecular Brain Research, Vol.96, n°1–2, 30 nov 2001, Pages 103 à 113 (résumé)
  12. Davidson LA, Lönnerdal B, Persistence of human milk proteins in the breastfed infant, Acta Paediatr Scand, 1987;76:733-740
  13. Kawakami H, Lönnerdal B, Isolation and function of a receptor for human lactoferrin in human fetal intestinal brush-border membranes, Am J Physiol, 1991;261:G841-G846
  14. CFSAN/Office of Food Additive Safety. Agency response letter: GRAS notice No. GRN 000077 US Food and Drug Administration Web site. 14 août 2001
  15. « Protéines à activités biologiques : lactoferrine et lactoperoxydase. Connaissances récemment acquises et technologies d'obtention: p7/22 »
  16. Manzoni P, Rinaldi M, Cattani S et Als. Bovine lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of late-onset sepsis in very low-birth-weight neonates, JAMA, 2009;302:1421-1428
  17. Pammi M, Suresh G, Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017;6:CD007137
  18. ELFIN Trial Investigators Group, Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for very preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 2019;393:423-433
  19. Lönnerdal B, Nutritional roles of lactoferrin, Curr Opin Clin Nut Metab Care, 2009;3:293-7
  20. Lactoferrin
  21. « La lactoferrine »
  22. Rogan MP, Taggart CC, Greene CM, Murphy PG, O'Neill SJ, McElvaney NG. Loss of microbicidal activity and increased formation of biofilm due to decreased lactoferrin activity in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Infect Dis. 2004 Oct 1;190(7):1245-53. Epub 2004 Aug 26.
  23. Mowska, Patryk, Daniel Lorentzen, Katherine Excoffon, Joseph Zabner, Paul B. McCray, William M. Nauseef, Corinne Dupuy, and Botond Bánfi. A novel host defense system of airways is defective in cystic fibrosis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 1 Nov. 2006. Web. 26 Nov. 2009
  24. Singh PK, Shaefer AL, Parsek MR, Moninger TO, Welsh MJ, Greenberg EP. Quorum-sensing signals indicate that cystic fibrosis lungs are infected with bacterial biofilms. Nature. 2000;407:762-4
  25. Singh PK, Parsek MR, Greenberg EP, Welsh MJ. A component of innate immunity prevents bacterial biofilm development, Nature. 2002;417:552-5
  26. Reghunathan R, Jayapal M, Puddua P, Borghi P, Gessani S, et al. Antiviral effect of bovine lactoferrin saturated with metalions on early steps of human immunodeciency virus type 1 infection. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 1998;30:1055-63
  27. a et b Carvalho AM, Casseb S, Gonçalves RB. Bovine lactoferrin activity against Chikungunya and Zika viruses. Journal of General Virology. 2016;98(7):1749-75
  28. Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett K, Goldsmith JA, Hsieh CL, Abiona O, et al. Cryo- EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020;367:1260-3.
  29. Hofmann H, Pohlmann S. Cellular entry of the SARS coronavirus. Trends in Microbiology. 2004;12:466-72.
  30. Berlutti F, Pantanella F, Natalizi T, Frioni A, Paesano R, Polimeni A, et al. Antiviral properties of lactoferrin-A Natural Immunity Molecule. Molecules. 2011;16:6992-7018
  31. Wakabayashi H, Kurokawa M, Shin K, Teraguchi S, Tamura Y, Shiraki K. Oral lactoferrin prevents body weight loss and increases cytokine responses during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2004;68:537-44
  32. Wang A, Duncan SE, Lesser GL. Effect of lactoferrin on taste and smell abnormalities induced by chemotherapy: A proteome analysis. Food Funct. 2018;9:4948-58.
  33. Yen MH, Chiu CH, Huang YC. Effects of lactoferrin-containing formula in the prevention of enterovirus and rotavirus infection and impact on serum cytokine levels: A randomized trial. Chang Gung Med J. 2011;34-4:395-401.
  34. Chang R & Sun WZ (2020) Lactoferrin may reduce the incidence and attenuate the severity of COVID-19 in infants and children. Preprint at: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158586333.32247750

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

Bibliographie

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Casey McKinnonOctober 2007BornMontreal, Quebec, CanadaOccupation(s)Actress, producerNotable workGalacticast,A Comicbook Orange,KitkastWebsitecaseymckinnon.com Casey McKinnon is a Canadian actress and producer from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. She is known for her work on web series Galacticast, A Comicbook Orange and Kitkast. Background Born and raised in Montreal,[1] McKinnon attended St. Thomas High School with partner Rudy Jahchan and studied East Asian studies at McGill University ...

 

 

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Tunisia at the 1975 Mediterranean Games – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Sporting event delegationTunisia at the1975 Mediterranean GamesIOC codeTUNNOCTunisian Olympic Committeein AlgiersMedalsRanked...

Sunday newspaper printed in Perth, Western Australia The Sunday TimesTypeSunday newspaperFormatTabloidOwner(s)Seven West MediaFounder(s)Frederick Vosper and Edward EllisEditorAnthony De CeglieFounded19 December 1897; 125 years ago (1897-12-19)Headquarters50 Hasler Road,Osborne Park, Western AustraliaCityPerth, Western AustraliaCountryAustraliaCirculation418,000 (as of 2023)Sister newspapersThe West AustralianISSN1442-9527OCLC number427972890 Websitewww.perthnow.com.auMed...

 

 

Heni Ozi Cukier Heni Ozi Cukier. Deputado Estadual de São Paulo Período 15 de março de 2019 até 15 de março de 2023 Dados pessoais Nascimento 29 de janeiro de 1977 (46 anos) São Paulo, SP Nacionalidade brasileiro Alma mater Barry University[1]American University[1] Partido NOVO (2017-2022)PODE (2022-presente) Religião Judaísmo Ocupação Cientista político e professor Heni Ozi Cukier (São Paulo, 29 de janeiro de 1977), também conhecido como Professor HOC é um cientista p...

 

 

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Wasurenai Hibi – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1999 single by MisiaWasurenai HibiSingle by Misiafrom the album Love Is the Message Released25 November 1999Recorded1999GenreR&B, ...

Steamer Occident at Albany, Oregon,circa 1880, near Red Crown Mills (white building in right background). A brass band has assembled on the upper deck, indicating a special occasion. History NameOccident OwnerWillamette River Transportation Co.; Oregon Railway and Navigation Company RouteWillamette River Completed1875 IdentificationU.S. # 19448 Fate1881 StatusDismantled General characteristics Class and typeriverine all-purpose Tonnage586.95 gross tons; 429.76 registered tons (1885). Length15...

 

 

Species of bat Large fruit-eating bat Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Chiroptera Family: Phyllostomidae Genus: Artibeus Species: A. amplus Binomial name Artibeus amplusHandley, 1987 The large fruit-eating bat (Artibeus amplus) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in the countries of Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela.[2] The larg...

 

 

For other uses, see Spire (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Spire – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1964 novel by William Golding The Spire First edition coverAuthorWilliam GoldingCover arti...

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Protective trust – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Wills, trustsand estates Part of the common law series Wills Legal history of wills Joint wills and mutual wills Will contract Codicil Holographic ...

 

 

Searchlight Pictures Searchlight Pictures, Inc. Tipo Industria de entretenimiento/ CinematografíaIndustria industria cinematográficaForma legal filialFundación Los Ángeles, California, Estados Unidos (1994)Fundador Stephen A. Gilula, CopresidenteNancy Utley, CopresidenteNombres anteriores Fox Searchlight Pictures (1994-2020)Sede central Century City, Los Ángeles, Estados UnidosProductos PelículasBeneficio neto $US 6.50 millonesPropietario The Walt Disney CompanyEmpresa matriz Walt ...

 

 

Bilateral relationsAustrian–Polish relations Austria Poland Austria–Poland relations are foreign relations between Austria and Poland. The two nations have a very long historical relationship dating back several centuries, which has been complicated throughout most of their history.[1] At the peak of their power, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Austria's Habsburg monarchy enjoyed a very strong and cordial relationship. Polish hussars under the banner of John III Sobieski ...

Early American aviator Cromwell DixonBorn(1892-07-09)July 9, 1892San Francisco, California, USDiedOctober 2, 1911(1911-10-02) (aged 19)Spokane, Washington, USResting placeGreen Lawn CemeteryColumbus, OhioOccupationAviatorKnown forFirst person to fly across the Continental Divide The Cromwell Dixon Airship Company Cromwell Dixon (July 9, 1892 – October 2, 1911) was a teenage dirigible pilot and aviator. He became the first person to fly an airplane across the Continental Divide in ...

 

 

Łagów Łagów (Polen) Łagów Basisdaten Staat: Polen Woiwodschaft: Lebus Powiat: Świebodziński Gmina: Łagów Geographische Lage: 52° 20′ N, 15° 18′ O52.332515.293611111111Koordinaten: 52° 19′ 57″ N, 15° 17′ 37″ O Einwohner: 1588 (31. März 2011[1]) Postleitzahl: 66-220 Telefonvorwahl: (+48) 68 Kfz-Kennzeichen: FSW Łagów (deutsch Lagow) ist ein Dorf mit kleinstädtischem Charakter im Powiat Świebodziński der p...

 

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!