Isotopes du brome

Le brome (Br, numéro atomique 35) possède 32 isotopes connus, de nombre de masse variant de 66 à 97, ainsi que 13 isomères nucléaires. Parmi ces isotopes, deux sont stables, le brome 79 et le brome 81, et constituent l'ensemble du brome naturel dans une proportion d'environ 50/50. La masse atomique standard du brome est donc de 79,904(1) u.

Des 30 radioisotopes, le plus stable est 77Br avec une demi-vie de 57,036 heures. Parmi les radioisotopes plus légers que les isotopes stables, les plus légers (66 à 69) se désintègrent par émission de proton, les plus lourds principalement par émission de positron, tous en isotopes du sélénium. Les radioisotopes plus lourds que les isotopes stables se désintègrent eux par radioactivité β en isotopes du krypton.

Isotopes notables

Brome naturel

Le brome naturel est composé des deux isotopes stables 79Br et 81Br.

Isotope Abondance

(pourcentage molaire)

79Br 50,69 (7) %
81Br 49,31 (7) %

Table des isotopes

Symbole
de l'isotope
Z (p) N (n) Masse isotopique (u) Demi-vie Mode(s) de
désintégration[1],[n 1]
Isotope(s)

fils[n 2]

Spin

nucléaire

Énergie d'excitation
66Br 35 31 p 65Se
67Br 35 32 66,96479(54)# p 66Se 1/2−#
68Br 35 33 67,95852(38)# < 1,2 µs p 67Se 3+#
69Br 35 34 68,95011(11)# <24 ns p 68Se 1/2−#
70Br 35 35 69,94479(33)# 79,1(8) ms β+ 70Se 0+#
70mBr 2292,2(8) keV 2,2(2) s β+ 70Se (9+)
TI 70Br
71Br 35 36 70,93874(61) 21,4(6) s β+ 71Se (5/2)−
72Br 35 37 71,93664(6) 78,6(24) s β+ 72Se 1+
72mBr 100,92(3) keV 10,6(3) s TI (>99,9%) 72Br 1−
β+ (<0,1%) 72Se
73Br 35 38 72,93169(5) 3,4(2) min β+ 73Se 1/2−
74Br 35 39 73,929891(16) 25,4(3) min β+ 74Se (0−)
74mBr 13,58(21) keV 46(2) min β+ 74Se 4(+#)
75Br 35 40 74,925776(15) 96,7(13) min β+ 75Se 3/2−
76Br 35 41 75,924541(10) 16,2(2) h β+ 76Se 1−
76mBr 102,58(3) keV 1,31(2) s TI (99,4%) 76Br (4)+
β+ (0,6%) 76Se
77Br 35 42 76,921379(3) 57,036(6) h β+ 77Se 3/2−
77mBr 105,86(8) keV 4,28(10) min TI 77Br 9/2+
78Br 35 43 77,921146(4) 6,46(4) min β+ (99,99%) 78Se 1+
β (0,01%) 78Kr
78mBr 180,82(13) keV 119,2(10) µs (4+)
79Br 35 44 78,9183371(22) Stable 3/2−
79mBr 207,61(9) keV 4,86(4) s TI 79Br (9/2+)
80Br 35 45 79,9185293(22) 17,68(2) min β (91,7%) 80Kr 1+
β+ (8,3%) 80Se
80mBr 85,843(4) keV 4,4205(8) h TI 80Br 5−
81Br 35 46 80,9162906(21) Stable 3/2−
81mBr 536,20(9) keV 34,6(28) µs 9/2+
82Br 35 47 81,9168041(21) 35,282(7) h β 82Kr 5−
82mBr 45,9492(10) keV 6,13(5) min TI 82Br 2−
β 82Kr
83Br 35 48 82,915180(5) 2,40(2) h β 83Kr 3/2−
83mBr 3068,8(6) keV 700(100) ns (19/2−)
84Br 35 49 83,916479(16) 31,80(8) min β 84Kr 2−
84m1Br 320(10) keV 6,0(2) min β 84Kr 6−
84m2Br 408,2(4) keV <140 ns 1+
85Br 35 50 84,915608(21) 2,90(6) min β 85Kr 3/2−
86Br 35 51 85,918798(12) 55,1(4) s β 86Kr (2−)
87Br 35 52 86,920711(19) 55,65(13) s β (97,48%) 87Kr 3/2−
β, n (2,52%) 86Kr
88Br 35 53 87,92407(4) 16,29(6) s β (93,42%) 88Kr (2−)
β, n (6,48%) 87Kr
88mBr 272,7(3) keV 5,4(7) µs
89Br 35 54 88,92639(6) 4,40(3) s β (86,2%) 89Kr (3/2−,5/2−)
β, n (13,8%) 88Kr
90Br 35 55 89,93063(8) 1,91(1) s β (74,8%) 90Kr
β, n (25,2%) 89Kr
91Br 35 56 90,93397(8) 541(5) ms β (80%) 91Kr 3/2−#
β, n (20%) 90Kr
92Br 35 57 91,93926(5) 0,343(15) s β (66,9%) 92Kr (2−)
β, n (33,1%) 91Kr
93Br 35 58 92,94305(32)# 102(10) ms β (89%) 93Kr 3/2−#
β, n (11%) 92Kr
94Br 35 59 93,94868(43)# 70(20) ms β (70%) 94Kr
β, n (30%) 93Kr
95Br 35 60 94,95287(54)# 50# ms [>300 ns] 3/2−#
96Br 35 61 95,95853(75)# 20# ms [>300 ns]
97Br 35 62 96,96280(86)# 10# ms [>300 ns] 3/2−#
  1. Abréviation :
    TI : transition isomérique.
  2. Isotopes stables en gras, gras et italique ceux stables à notre échelle de temps.

Remarques

  • Les valeurs marquées # ne sont pas purement dérivées des données expérimentales, mais aussi au moins en partie à partir des tendances systématiques. Les spins avec des arguments d'affectation faibles sont entre parenthèses.
  • Les incertitudes sont données de façon concise entre parenthèses après la décimale correspondante. Les valeurs d'incertitude dénotent un écart-type, à l'exception de la composition isotopique et de la masse atomique standard de l'IUPAC qui utilisent des incertitudes élargies[2].

Notes et références

  1. (en) Universal Nuclide Chart
  2. (en) « 2.5.7. Standard and expanded uncertainties », Engineering Statistics Handbook (consulté le )


Voir aussi


1  H                                                             He
2  Li Be   B C N O F Ne
3  Na Mg   Al Si P S Cl Ar
4  K Ca   Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5  Rb Sr   Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6  Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
7  Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

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