Les sorties Debian ne suivent pas un calendrier fixe. Les dernières versions ont été sorties à peu près tous les deux ans par le Projet Debian.
Historique des versions
Les différentes versions de la distribution empruntent leur nom aux personnages du film d'animation Toy Story des studios Pixar Animation Studios[1].
Debian 1.0 n'a jamais été publié car un vendeur a accidentellement livré une version de développement avec ce numéro de version. Le système de gestion de paquet dpkg et son front-end dselect ont été développés et mis en œuvre sur Debian dans une version précédente. Une transition du format binaire a.out vers ELF avait déjà commencé avant la version 1.0. La seule architecture prise en charge était le 80386 d'Intel (i386)[2].
Debian 1.1 (Buzz)
Debian 1.1 (Buzz), sorti le , contenait 474 paquets. Debian a terminé sa transition vers format binaire ELF et utilisait le noyau Linux 2.0[3].
Debian 1.2 (Rex)
Debian 1.2 (Rex), sorti le , contenait 848 paquets maintenus par 120 développeurs[4].
Debian 1.3 (Bo)
Debian 1.3 (Bo), sorti le , contenait 974 paquets maintenus par 200 développeurs[5].
Debian 2.0 (Hamm)
Debian 2.0 (Hamm), sorti le , contenait plus de 1 500 paquets maintenus par plus de 400 développeurs. Une transition a été faite vers libc6 et Debian a été porté sur les architectures Motorola 68000 (m68k)[6].
Debian 2.1 (Slink)
Debian 2.1 (Slink), publié le , contenait environ 2250 paquets. Le front-end APT a été introduit en tant que système de gestion des paquets et Debian a été porté sur architectures Alpha et SPARC[7],[8].
Debian 3.0 (Woody), sorti le , contenait environ 8500 paquets maintenus par plus de 900 développeurs. KDE a été introduit et Debian a été porté vers les architectures suivantes : IA-64, PA-RISC (hppa), mips et mipsel et IBM ESA/390 (s390)[12],[13],[14].
Debian 3.1 (Sarge)
Debian 3.1 (Sarge), sorti le , contenait l'équivalent de 15 400 paquets. debian-installer et OpenOffice.org ont été introduits[15],[16].
Debian 4.0 (Etch)
Debian 4.0 (Etch), sorti le , contenait environ 18 000 paquets maintenus par plus de 1 030 développeurs. Debian a été porté sur architecture x86-64 (amd64) et le support pour les architectures Motorola 68000 (m68k) a été abandonné[17],[18].
Debian 5.0 (Lenny)
Debian 5.0 (Lenny), sorti le , contenait plus de 23 000 paquets. Debian a été porté sur architecture ARM EABI ("armel")[19],[20],[21].
Prise en charge complète du système de fichiers NTFS
Debian 6.0 (Squeeze)
Debian 6.0 (Squeeze), publié le , contenait plus de 29 000 paquets. Le navigateur web Chromium a été introduit et Debian a été porté sur les noyaux kfreebsd-i386 et kfreebsd-amd64 et le support pour les architectures Alpha, et PA-RISC (hppa) a été abandonné[23],[24],[25].
Elle inclut les éléments suivants :
noyau Linux 2.6.32 (nouveauté majeure : un noyau Linux entièrement libre)[26],[27]
Debian 7 (Wheezy), publié le , contenait plus de 36 000 paquets. Le support de l'UEFI a été ajouté et Debian a été porté sur les architectures armhf et IBM ESA/390 (s390x)[28],[29],[30].
Voici la liste des architectures officiellement prises en charge par Debian 10 :
PC 32 bits (i386) et PC 64 bits (amd64)
ARM 64 bits (arm64)
ARM EABI (armel)
ARMv7 (ARM avec unité de calcul flottant, armhf)
MIPS (mips (gros-boutiste — big endian en anglais) et mipsel (petit-boutiste — little endian en anglais))
MIPS 64 bits petit-boutiste (mips64el)
PowerPC 64 bits petit-boutiste (ppc64el)
IBM System z (s390x)
Le , l'équipe du suivi à long terme (LTS) annonce « que la prise en charge de Debian 10 « Buster » atteindra sa fin de vie le 30 juin 2024, presque cinq ans après sa publication initiale »[38].
Architectures : +kfreebsd-i386, +kfreebsd-amd64, −alpha, −arm, −hppa[44]. EGLIBC(en) à la place de glibc[46]. Séquence d'amorçage basée sur les dépendances, qui permet la parallélisation du processus de démarrage[47]. Suppression anciennes bibliothèques comme GTK 1[48]. Le noyau par défaut est exempt de pilote et firmware non libre[49].
Note : il n'y a pas eu de version 1.0 du système Debian ; en , un vendeur de cédéroms (InfoMagic) a par erreur fait presser des CD d'une version de développement en l'intitulant « Debian 1.0 ». Afin d'éviter toute confusion la première version officielle de Debian a été numérotée 1.1.
↑« A Brief History of Debian », The Debian Project : « Debian 1.1 Buzz (June 17th, 1996): This was the first Debian release with a code name. It was taken, like all others so far, from a character in one of the Toy Story movies... in this case, Buzz Lightyear. By this time, Bruce Perens had taken over leadership of the Project from Ian Murdock, and Bruce was working at Pixar, the company that produced the movies. This release was fully ELF, used Linux kernel 2.0, and contained 474 packages. »
↑« A Brief History of Debian », The Debian Project : « Debian 1.2 Rex (December 12th, 1996): Named for the plastic dinosaur in the Toy Story movies. This release consisted of 848 packages maintained by 120 developers »
↑« A Brief History of Debian », The Debian Project : « Debian 1.3 Bo (June 5th, 1997): Named for Bo Peep, the shepherdess. This release consisted of 974 packages maintained by 200 developers. »
↑« A Brief History of Debian », The Debian Project : « Debian 2.0 Hamm (July 24th, 1998): Named for the piggy-bank in the Toy Story movies. This was the first multi-architecture release of Debian, adding support for the Motorola 68000 series architectures. With Ian Jackson as Project Leader, this release made the transition to libc6, and consisted of over 1500 packages maintained by over 400 developers. »
↑« A Brief History of Debian », The Debian Project : « Debian 2.1 Slink (March 9th, 1999): Named for the slinky-dog in the movie. Two more architectures were added, Alpha and SPARC. With Wichert Akkerman as Project Leader, this release consisted of about 2250 packages and required 2 CDs in the official set. The key technical innovation was the introduction of apt, a new package management interface. Widely emulated, apt addressed issues resulting from Debian's continuing growth, and established a new paradigm for package acquisition and installation on Open Source operating systems. »
↑« A Brief History of Debian », The Debian Project : « Debian 2.2 Potato (15 August 2000): Named for "Mr Potato Head" in the Toy Story movies. This release added support for the PowerPC and ARM architectures. With Wichert still serving as Project Leader, this release consisted of more than 3900 binary packages derived from over 2600 source packages maintained by more than 450 Debian developers. »
↑« A Brief History of Debian », The Debian Project : « Debian 3.0 Woody (19 July 2002): Named for the main character the Toy Story movies: "Woody" the cowboy. Even more architectures were added in this release: IA-64, HP PA-RISC, MIPS (big endian), MIPS (little endian) and S/390. This is also the first release to include cryptographic software due to the restrictions for exportation being lightened in the US, and also the first one to include KDE, now that the license issues with QT were resolved. With Bdale Garbee recently appointed Project Leader, and more than 900 Debian developers, this release contained around 8,500 binary packages and 7 binary CDs in the official set. »
↑« A Brief History of Debian », The Debian Project : « Debian 3.1 Sarge (6 June 2005): named for the sergeant of the Green Plastic Army Men. No new architectures were added to the release, although an unofficial AMD64 port was published at the same time and distributed through the new Alioth project hosting site. This release features a new installer: debian-installer, a modular piece of software that feature automatic hardware detection, unattended installation features and was released fully translated to over thirty languages. It was also the first release to include a full office suite: OpenOffice.org. Branden Robinson had just been appointed as Project Leader. This release was made by more than nine hundred Debian developers, and contained around 15,400 binary packages and 14 binary CDs in the official set. »
↑« A Brief History of Debian », The Debian Project : « Debian 4.0 Etch (8 April 2007): named for the sketch toy in the movie. One architecture was added in this release: AMD64, and official support for m68k was dropped. This release continued using the debian-installer, but featuring in this release a graphical installer, cryptographic verification of downloaded packages, more flexible partitioning (with support for encrypted partitions), simplified mail configuration, a more flexible desktop selection, simplified but improved localization and new modes, including a rescue mode. New installations would not need to reboot through the installation process as the previous two phases of installation were now integrated. This new installer provided support for scripts using composed characters and complex languages in its graphical version, increasing the number of available translations to over fifty. Sam Hocevar was appointed Project Leader the very same day, and the project included more than one thousand and thirty Debian developers. The release contained around 18,000 binary packages over 20 binary CDs (3 DVDs) in the official set. There were also two binary CDs available to install the system with alternate desktop environments different to the default one. »
↑« A Brief History of Debian », The Debian Project : « Debian 5.0 Lenny (February 2009): named for the wind up binoculars in the Toy Story movies. One architecture was added in this release: ARM EABI (or armel), providing support for newer ARM processors and deprecating the old ARM port (arm). The m68k port was not included in this release, although it was still provided in the unstable distribution. This release did not feature the FreeBSD port, although much work on the port had been done to make it qualify it did not meet yet the qualification requirements for this release. »
↑« A Brief History of Debian », The Debian Project : « Debian 6.0 Squeeze (February 2011): named for the green three-eyed aliens. The release was frozen on 6 August 2010, with many of the Debian developers gathered at the 10th Debconf at New York City. While two architectures (alpha and hppa) were dropped, two architectures of the new FreeBSD port (kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64) were made available as technology preview, including the kernel and userland tools as well as common server software (though not advanced desktop features yet). This was the first time a Linux distribution has been extended to also allow use of a non-Linux kernel. »
↑« A Brief History of Debian », The Debian Project : « Debian 7.0 Wheezy (May 2013): named for the rubber toy penguin with a red bow tie. One architecture was included in this release (armhf) and this release introduced multi-arch support, which allowed users to install packages from multiple architectures on the same machine. Improvements in the installation process allowed visually impaired people to install the system using software speech for the first time. This was also the first release that supported the installation and booting in devices using UEFI firmware. »
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