Hedysarum boreale

Hedysarum boreale
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Hedysarum boreale dans l'Idaho (États-Unis).
Classification GRIN
Règne Plantae
Famille Fabaceae
Sous-famille Faboideae
Tribu Hedysareae
Genre Hedysarum

Espèce

Hedysarum boreale
Nutt., 1818[1]

Hedysarum boreale, le Sainfoin boréal[2], est une espèce de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Fabaceae, sous-famille des Faboideae, originaire d'Amérique du Nord et d'Asie du Nord.

Elle est citée dans le livre de Jon Krakauer Into the Wild et dans le film de Sean Penn Into the Wild en tant que plante toxique. Ce film, basé sur une histoire vraie, voit le héros en consommer après l'avoir confondue avec une autre plante de la même famille dénommée Hedysarum alpinum[3], laquelle est, en revanche, parfaitement comestible[4].

Distribution et habitat

L'aire de répartition de Hedysarum boreale s'étend d'une part en Asie du Nord-Est (péninsule de Kamtchatka et nord-est de la Sibérie) et d'autre part dans les régions septentrionales de l'Amérique du Nord, comprenant l'Alaska et le Canada, jusqu'à l'Arizona et le nord du Texas, à l'exception de l'est des États-Unis et de la Californie. Dans toute l'aire de répartition, il existe deux sous-espèces : Hedysarum boreale subsp. mackeziei se rencontre dans les régions arctiques d'Amérique (jusqu'au nord de l'Oregon) et d'Asie, tandis que Hedysarum boreale subsp. gremiale se rencontre dans l'Utah[5],[6].

C'est une plante qui pousse dans la prairie et la toundra, dans les formations arbustives et à l'orée des forêts, jusqu'à 2400 mètres d'altitude. Elle préfère les sols lourds et sableux[5].

Taxinomie

L'espèce Hedysarum boreale a été décrite par le botaniste anglais, Thomas Nuttall, et publiée en 1818 dans The Genera of North American Plants 2: 110[7].

Synonymes

Selon Aiken et al. (2011)[8] :

  • Hedysarum americanum var. mackenziei (Richardson) Britton, 1894
  • Hedysarum boreale subsp. mackenziei (Richardson) Á. Löve & D. Löve, 1982 (nom. illeg.)
  • Hedysarum boreale Nutt., 1818
  • Hedysarium mackenzii Richardson, 1823
  • Hedysarum mackenziei var. pabulare (A. Nelson) Polunin, 1940

Liste des sous-espèces et variétés

Selon GBIF (11 juin 2021)[2] :

Notes et références

  1. ↑ USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN-Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland., consulté le 11 juin 2021
  2. ↑ a et b GBIF Secretariat. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org, consulté le 11 juin 2021
  3. ↑ http://www.adventure-journal.com/2013/09/the-real-reason-into-the-wilds-chris-mccandless-died/
  4. ↑ Katia Astafieff, Les plantes font leur cinéma : de "La petite boutique des horreurs" à "Avatar", Malakoff, Dunod, , 224 p. (ISBN 978-2-10-084685-6), p. 154
  5. ↑ a et b (en) Karel Bergmann, « Hedysarum boreale Nutt. – Northern Sweet-vetch, Northern Hedysarum, Boreal Sweet-vetch, Utah Sweetvetch, Plains Sweet-broom », sur botany.cz, (consulté le ).
  6. ↑ (en) « Taxon: Hedysarum boreale Nutt. », sur Germplasm Resource Information Network (GRIN) (consulté le ).
  7. ↑ (en) « Hedysarum boreale Nutt. », sur www.tropicos.org (consulté le ).
  8. ↑ a et b (en) S.G. Aiken, M.J. Dallwitz, L.L. Consaul, C.L. McJannet, R.L. Boles, G.W. Argus, J.M. Gillett, P.J. Scott, R. Elven, M.C. LeBlanc, L.J. Gillespie, A.K. Brysting, H. Solstad & J.G. Harris, « Hedysarum boreale Nutt. subsp. mackenzii (Richardson) S.L. Welsh », sur Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, (consulté le ).

Liens externes

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Références biologiques

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