Francis Maitland Balfour

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Francis Maitland Balfour
Description de l'image Francis balfour.jpg.
Biographie
Nationalité Drapeau du Royaume-Uni Royaume-Uni
Naissance ,
Londres
Décès probablement le (à 30 ans),
Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey

Carrière
Ascensions notables pointe 3 475 m, dite Pointe Balfour du Grépon
Profession Professeur de biologie

modifier

Francis Maitland Balfour, né le et mort le , est un alpiniste et biologiste anglais.

Biographie

Carrière scientifique

Biologiste de profession, Francis Maitland Balfour est considéré comme l'un des fondateurs de l'embryologie. Il exerce comme professeur de cette discipline à l'université de Cambridge et compte parmi ses élèves Henry Fairfield Osborn, George Parker Bidder et Walter Frank Raphael Weldon. Il obtient en 1881 une médaille de la Royal Society : la Royal Medal. Les résultats de ses recherches sur les invertébrés sont publiés en 1881 (Traité d'embryologie comparative).

Alpinisme

Quelques jours avant la première ascension du point culminant du Grépon, qui était le « dernier problème » de l'époque, par Albert F. Mummery avec Alexander Burgener et Benedikt Venetz, Francis Maitland Balfour avec son frère Gerard William, et les guides guides Peter Knubel et Johann Petrus, réussit le 19 juillet 1881 la première ascension de la pointe 3 475 m. Ce sommet a été nommé par la suite pointe Balfour. Il se tue, probablement le , en tentant la première ascension de l'aiguille Blanche de Peuterey avec Johann Petrus, beau-frère de Peter Knubel[1].

Hommage

Le laboratoire de biologie pour femmes créé à Cambridge en 1884 porte son nom[2].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ Charles Gos, Tragédies alpestres, Les Éditions de France, , chap. XIII-1 (« Des morts à l'aiguille de Péteret »), pp. 189-204
  2. ↑ (en) « The Balfour Biological Laboratory for Women, 1884 -1915 », http://www.genetics.org.uk,‎ (lire en ligne)

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Bibliographie

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