Efe (peuple)

Les Efe sont un peuple chasseurs-cueilleurs d'Afrique équatoriale vivant au nord-est de la forêt de l'Ituri, en République démocratique du Congo. Ce sont des pygmées qui font partie du groupe Mbuti. Ils sont proches des Lese (ou BaLese).

Ethnonymie

Selon les sources, on observe plusieurs variantes : Efè, Efeh, Efes, Efet, Eve, Pygmées Efe[1].

Langue

Leur langue est le efe, une langue soudanique centrale dont le nombre de locuteurs était estimé à 20 000 en 1991[2].

Culture

Certains Efe perpétuent la vie traditionnelle nomade au sein des forêts de l'Ituri. Leurs campements temporaires se déplacent toutes les six semaines en fonction des gibiers et des ressources naturelles disponibles[3].

Notes et références

  1. Source RAMEAU, BnF [1]
  2. (en) Fiche langue [efe] dans la base de données linguistique Ethnologue.
  3. Jacques Attali, L'homme nomade, Fayard, (ISBN 978-2-213-64165-2, lire en ligne)

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Discographie

  • Pygmées du Haut-Zaïre : Kango, Efe, Asua (enregistré par Didier Demolin dans la forêt d'Ituri au Nord-Est du Zaïre entre 1986 et 1990), Fonti Musicali, Belgique, 1991, CD (1 h 8 min 34 s) + livret (19 p.)
  • Polyphonie des pygmées Efe : chants de l'orée de la forêt (enregistré par Didier Demolin en RDC en 1987), Fonti Musicali, Belgique, 1990, CD (1 h 10 min 37 s) + livret

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