Des erreurs ont été commises

« Des erreurs ont été commises » est une expression couramment utilisée comme procédé rhétorique, par laquelle un orateur reconnaît qu'une situation a été mal gérée ou inappropriée, tout en évitant d’attribuer la responsabilité à une personne ou à des actions spécifiques. La reconnaissance des « erreurs » est formulée dans un sens abstrait, sans référence directe à l’identité des responsables, la nature des erreurs, ainsi que leur gravité. Une construction moins évasive pourrait être « j'ai fait des erreurs » ou « Manu a fait des erreurs » ; une construction existentielle active similaire pourrait être « des erreurs se sont produites »[1]. L’orateur n’assume aucune responsabilité personnelle et n’accuse personne d’autre. Le mot « erreurs » n’implique pas non plus d’intention.

Le New York Times a qualifié cette expression de « construction linguistique classique de Washington ». Le politologue William Schneider a suggéré que cet usage soit désigné sous le nom de « passé exonératoire»[2] et le commentateur William Safire a défini l'expression comme « [une] manière passive-évasive de reconnaître une erreur tout en éloignant le locuteur de sa responsabilité ». Un commentateur de radio américain sur NPR a déclaré que cette expression était « le roi des non-excuses »[3]. Bien que cette expression soit peut-être particulièrement connue dans le domaine politique, elle a également été utilisée dans les domaines des affaires, du sport et du divertissement.

Malgré certaines moqueries autour de cette expression, son utilisation est encore largement répandue et, selon un commentateur, « le type de langage évasif et corrompu pour lequel Ron Ziegler a été à plusieurs reprises cloué au pilori en tant qu'attaché de presse de Nixon est non seulement accepté, mais adopté chaleureusement et sans vergogne comme une norme de conduite politique et sociale »[4].

Voir aussi

Références

  1. (en) Pullum, « Fear and loathing of the English passive », Language & Communication, vol. 37,‎ , p. 60–74 (ISSN 0271-5309, DOI 10.1016/j.langcom.2013.08.009, hdl 20.500.11820/2b1fc568-b53f-43ad-ba54-721d82f045e6, lire en ligne)
  2. John M. Broder, « Familiar Fallback for Officials: 'Mistakes Were Made' », The New York Times,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le )
  3. Mark Memmot, « It's True: 'Mistakes Were Made' Is The King Of Non-Apologies », NPR,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le )
  4. Harrington, « "Mistakes Were Made": One-Time Object of Derision Now a Core Template of Our Social Behaviors », CommonDreams.org,
  1. (en) Geoffrey Pullum, « Fear and loathing of the English passive », Language & Communication, vol. 37,‎ , p. 60–74 (ISSN 0271-5309, DOI 10.1016/j.langcom.2013.08.009, hdl 20.500.11820/2b1fc568-b53f-43ad-ba54-721d82f045e6 Accès libre, lire en ligne)
  2. John M. Broder, « Familiar Fallback for Officials: 'Mistakes Were Made' », The New York Times,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le )
  3. William Safire, Safire's Political Dictionary (2008), p. 431.
  4. Mark Memmot, « It's True: 'Mistakes Were Made' Is The King Of Non-Apologies », NPR,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le )
  5. Thomas S. Harrington, « "Mistakes Were Made": One-Time Object of Derision Now a Core Template of Our Social Behaviors », sur CommonDreams.org,

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