Conseil des Dix (Almohade)

Le Conseil des Dix, ou Ahl jamāʻa (gens de l'Assemblée), est le premier groupe de fidèles constitué autour d'Ibn Toumert, mahdi des Almohades[1]. Le Conseil des Dix est l'instance suprême du mouvement almohade[2], dans le cadre de la structure hiérarchisée mise en place par Ibn Toumert[3]. Les membres du Conseil étaient, en quelque sorte, les ministres du mahdi Ibn Toumert, intervenant dans l'élaboration et l'exécution des grandes décisions, aux niveaux civil, administratif et militaire[4].

La moitié des Ahl jamāʻa périssent lors de la bataille d'Al-Buhayra, sans savoir avec certitude s'ils ont été remplacés par Ibn Toumert[3].

Après la mort d'Ibn Toumert, les membres du Conseil des Dix et Cinquante ne sont plus mentionnés qu'à l'occasion du serment d'allégeance (bay'a) à Abd al-Mumin. Le conseil des cheikh almohade, dont les membres les plus nombreux et influents étaient les descendants du Conseil des Dix et Cinquante[4], provenant surtout des Hintata et Ahl Tinmel[5], semble supplanter les deux instances de direction mises en place par Ibn Toumert[4].

Composition

La composition du Conseil des Dix semble varier en fonction des sources[3],[6] :

Références

  1. Mehdi Ghouirgate, « L’Ordre almohade (1120-1269) : Une nouvelle lecture anthropologique », Presses universitaires du Midi, , p. 501
  2. El Briga, C., « Abū Ḥafṣ 'Umar Inti », Encyclopédie berbère (consulté le )
  3. a b et c Pascal Buresi et Hicham El Aallaoui, « Gouverner l'empire : La nomination des fonctionnaires provinciaux dans l'empire almohade (Maghreb, 1224-1269) », Casa de Velázquez, , p. 28-31
  4. a b et c Djibril Tamsir Niane et Joseph Ki-Zerbo, « L'Afrique du XIIe au XVIe siècle », Unesco, , p. 46-47
  5. Pascal Buresi et Hicham El Aallaoui, « Gouverner l'empire : La nomination des fonctionnaires provinciaux dans l'empire almohade (Maghreb, 1224-1269) », Casa de Velázquez, , p. 52
  6. Abd el- Wâh'id Merrâkechi, « Histoire des Almohades », A. Jourdan, p. 290


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