Aristide (plante)

Aristida

Page d’aide sur l’homonymie

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Aristide.

Aristida
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Aristida purpurea
Classification
Règne Plantae
Division Magnoliophyta
Classe Liliopsida
Ordre Cyperales
Famille Poaceae
Sous-famille Aristidoideae

Genre

Aristida
L., 1753

Classification phylogénétique

Ordre Poales
Famille Poaceae

L’Aristide, Aristida, est un genre de plantes herbacées de la famille des Poaceae, sous-famille des Arundinoideae, qui comprend environ 300 espèces des régions arides du monde. Ces plantes se distinguent par la présence de trois arêtes sur la lemme de chaque fleuron.

Description

Les espèces de ce genre sont souvent pérennes, plus rarement annuelles. Les tiges sont érigées, et présentent parfois, en plus des feuilles basales, des feuilles caulinaires. Le limbe des feuilles peut être plat ou enroulé, et les feuilles basales peuvent être en touffe[1].

Les inflorescence sont en forme de panicule lâche ou dense (dans ce dernier cas, elles ressemblent à un épi)[2]. Chaque épillet ne comporte qu'une seule fleur[1],[2]. Les glumes des épillets sont étroites et lancéolées, habituellement sans aucune arête, tandis que les lemmes sont coriaces, ornées de trois nervures et munies de trois arêtes insérées près du sommet. Les arêtes peuvent être très longues ; chez Aristida purpurea var. longiseta, elles peuvent même dépasser les 10 centimètres[réf. nécessaire]. Les fleurs contiennent 3 étamines[1].

Le fruit est un caryopse à péricarpe adhérent. L'embryon représente toujours moins de 50 % de la longueur du caryopse[3].

Répartition et habitat

Les espèces de ce genre sont présentes sur tous les continents, en climat tempéré chaud ou tropical sec. Elles poussent sur des sols secs et pauvres, dans des zones arides, mais ne colonisent généralement pas les déserts[1].

Espèces

Selon World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) (24 janv. 2012)[4] :

Notes et références

  1. ↑ a b c et d (en) Référence Flora of China : Aristida
  2. ↑ a et b (en) Référence Flora of Pakistan : Aristida
  3. ↑ (en) W.D. Clayton, M.S. Vorontsova, K.T. Harman & H. Williamson, « Aristida », sur GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora, The Board of Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, (consulté le )
  4. ↑ WCSP. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet ; http://wcsp.science.kew.org/, consulté le 24 janv. 2012

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