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Acétate de rhodium(II)

Acétate de rhodium(II)
Image illustrative de l’article Acétate de rhodium(II)
Structure du dihydrate d'acétate de rhodium(II)
Identification
Nom UICPA tétraacétate de rhodium(2+)
No CAS 15956-28-2
917499-87-7 (dihydrate)
No ECHA 100.036.425
No CE 240-084-8
No RTECS VI9361000
PubChem 152122
SMILES
InChI
Apparence poudre verte inodore[1]
Propriétés chimiques
Formule C8H12O8Rh2
Masse molaire[2] 441,987 1 ± 0,009 7 g/mol
C 21,74 %, H 2,74 %, O 28,96 %, Rh 46,56 %,
Propriétés physiques
fusion 205 °C[1]
Précautions
SGH[1]
SGH07 : Toxique, irritant, sensibilisant, narcotique
Attention
H315, H319, P280, P302+P352 et P305+P351+P338
NFPA 704[1]

Symbole NFPA 704.

 

Unités du SI et CNTP, sauf indication contraire.

L'acétate de rhodium(II) est un composé chimique de formule Rh2(CH3COO)4. Il se présente sous la forme d'une poudre vert foncé légèrement soluble dans les solvants polaires, y compris dans l'eau. Il est utilisé comme catalyseur pour la cyclopropénation des alcènes. Il est très étudié comme exemple de complexe carboxylate de métal de transition. Le dihydrate cristallise dans le système monoclinique avec le groupe d'espace C2/c (no 15)[3]. Il s'agit d'un dimère contenant deux atomes de rhodium ayant chacun une géométrie octaédrique matérialisée par quatre atomes d'oxygène des groupes acétate, une molécule d'eau et une liaison RhRh longue de 239 pm. La molécule d'eau peut être remplacée, et diverses autres bases de Lewis peuvent occuper les positions axiales[3]. L'acétate de cuivre(II) Cu(CH3COO)2 et l'acétate de chrome(II) hydraté Cr2(CH3COO)4(H2O)2 adoptent une structure comparable.

L'acétate de rhodium(II) est généralement préparé en chauffant du chlorure de rhodium(III) hydraté RhCl3(H2O)3 dans l'acide acétique CH3COOH[4]. Le dimère d'acétate de rhodium(II) peut ensuite subir un échange de ligands remplaçant l'acétate par un autre carboxylate[5] :

Rh2(CH3COO)4 + 4 RCOOH ⟶ Rh2(RCOO)4 + 4 CH3COOH.

Son utilisation en synthèse organique a été explorée dans les années 1970 par Teyssié et al.[6] à travers l'insertion dans certaines liaisons et la cyclopropanation d'alcènes[7] et de composés aromatiques[8]. Il se lie sélectivement aux ribonucléosides — et non aux désoxyribonucléosides — en se liant sélectivement à leurs hydroxyles 2’ et 3’[9].

L'acétate de rhodium(II) est plus réactif que l'acétate de cuivre(II) et permet plus facilement de distinguer ribonucléosides et désoxyribonucléosides car il est soluble dans l'eau, contrairement à l'acétate de cuivre.

Notes et références

  1. a b c et d « Fiche du composé Rhodium(II) acetate, dimer, Premion®, 99.99% (metals basis), Rh 46.2% min  », sur Alfa Aesar (consulté le ).
  2. Masse molaire calculée d’après « Atomic weights of the elements 2007 », sur www.chem.qmul.ac.uk.
  3. a et b (en) F. A. Cotton, B. G. DeBoer, M. D. LaPrade, J. R. Pipal et D. A. Ucko, « The crystal and molecular structures of dichromium tetraacetate dihydrate and dirhodium tetraacetate dihydrate », Acta Crystallographica Section B, vol. 27,‎ , p. 1664-1671 (DOI 10.1107/S0567740871004527, lire en ligne)
  4. (en) G. A. Rempel, P. Legzdins, H. Smith, G. Wilkinson et D. A. Ucko, « Tetrakis(acetato)dirhodium(II) and Similar Carboxylato Compounds », Inorganic Syntheses, vol. 13,‎ (DOI 10.1002/9780470132449.ch16, lire en ligne)
  5. (en) M. P. Doyle, « Asymmetric Addition and Insertion Reactions of Catalytically-Generated Metal Carbenes », Iwao Ojima, Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis, 2e éd., New York, Wiley, 2000. (ISBN 978-0-471-29805-2)
  6. (en) Robert Paulissen, H. Reimlinger, E. Hayez, A. J. Hubert et Ph. Teyssié, « Transition metal catalysed reactions of diazocompounds - II insertion in the hydroxylic bond », Tetrahedron Letters, vol. 14, no 24,‎ , p. 2233-2236 (DOI 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)87603-6, lire en ligne)
  7. (en) André J. Hubert, Alain Féron, Roger Warin et Philippe Teyssié, « Synthesis of iminoaziridines from carbodiimides and diazoesters : A new example of transition metal salt catalysed reactions of carbenes », Tetrahedron Letters, vol. 17, no 16,‎ , p. 1317-1318 (DOI 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)78050-6, lire en ligne)
  8. (en) André J. Anciaux, Albert Demonceau, André J. Hubert, Alfred F. Noels, Nicole Petiniot et Philippe Teyssié, « Catalytic control of reactions of dipoles and carbenes; an easy and efficient synthesis of cycloheptatrienes from aromatic compounds by an extension of Buchner's reaction », Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, vol. 1980, no 16,‎ , p. 765-766 (DOI 10.1039/C39800000765, lire en ligne)
  9. (en) N. A. Berger, E. Tarien et G. L. Eichhorn, « Stereoselective Differentiation between Ribonucleosides and Deoxynucleosides by Reaction with the Copper(II) Acetate Dimer », Nature New Biology, vol. 239, no 95,‎ , p. 237-240 (PMID 4538853, DOI 10.1038/newbio239237a0, lire en ligne)

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