Élément nucléaire dispersé long

Les éléments nucléaires dispersés longs[1] (LINE pour long interspersed nuclear elements) font partie des séquences répétées dispersées au sein de l'ADN. Leur longueur est en général de quelques milliers de paires de bases et leur nature exacte varie suivant les espèces. Chez les primates, les principales séquences LINE sont une famille appelée LINE-1 dont il existe plusieurs centaines de milliers de copies dans le génome. Moins nombreuses que les répétitions SINE, elles représentent cependant du fait de leur longueur une fraction du génome plus importante (21 % du génome humain est constitué de LINE)[2].

Les séquences LINE actives sont capables de réplication autonome, ce qui leur permet de se dupliquer et de s'insérer à d'autres sites dans le génome. Leur réplication passe par un intermédiaire ARN, ce sont des rétrotransposons sans LTR. Les séquences LINE sont transcrites à partir d'un promoteur et sont polyadénylées en 3'. L'ARN intermédiaire transcrit est répliqué en ADN par une transcriptase inverse codée par le LINE. Le LINE code également en général une enzyme possédant une activité nucléase qui permet l'insertion de la séquence répliquée à un nouveau site[3].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ FranceTerme : http://www.culture.fr/franceterme/terme/COGB93
  2. ↑ International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, « Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome », Nature, vol. 409, pp. 820-921, 2001. PMID 11237011
  3. ↑ E. T. Luning Prak et H. H. Kazazian Jr., « Mobile elements and the human genome », Nature Reviews Genetics, vol. 1, pp. 133-144, 2000. PMID 11253653

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Séquences répétées au sein de l'ADN
Répétition en tandem
Répétitions dispersées
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