Levada (Madeira)

Levada ja sen vierellä kulkeva huolto- ja kävelypolku

Levadat ovat Madeiran saarella sijaitsevia vesikanavia, jotka kuljettavat vettä saaren sateisilta vuoristoseuduilta alas etelä- ja kaakkoisosan kuivemmille alueille, jotka soveltuvat paremmin maanviljelyyn ja asutukseen. Ensimmäiset levadat rakennettiin 1400-luvulla puusta ja myöhemmin maaseoksesta tai kallioon hakkaamalla. Nykyään levadat tehdään betonista. 1600-luvulla rakennettiin yhä pidempiä ja leveämpiä vesikanavia vesimyllyjen ja sokeriruo'on viljelyn vuoksi. Työn tekivät yleensä vaarallisissa oloissa työskennelleet maurilaiset tai Afrikasta tuodut orjat. Vuonna 1940 vedenkäytön toimikunta aloitti levadojen modernisoinnin, jonka seurauksena vuoteen 1969 mennessä rakennettiin kolme uutta sähkölaitosta sekä viisi uutta levadaa.[1]

Madeiralla kulkee nykyisin yhteensä 2 150 kilometriä levadoja, jotka kuljettavat vettä saaren eteläosaan tuottaen samalla vesivoimaa. Levadojen vieressä olevat polut, jotka tarkoitettiin alun perin helpottamaan kanavien rakentamista ja korjausta, ovat nykyään turistien suosimia vaellusreittejä.[2] Saaren matkailutoimiston verkkosivulla esitellään kaksikymmentä levadoita seurailevaa vaellusreittiä.[3] Levadoita on yhteensä yli kaksisataa.[4]

Vesiputous Rabacalissa

Levadat kulkevat paikoin tunneleissa ja vesiputousten takana. Vaeltajien suosimiin kävelyreitteihin kuuluvat Rabaçalin laakson kolmen levadan reitti, jossa näkee paljon vesiputouksia,[5] ja Levada dos Tornos, jonka alkupisteeseen pääsee kätevästi bussilla Funchalista.[6]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Kemppainen, Arja: Madeira, s. 133-150. Suomalainen Matkaopas, 2009. ISBN 978-952-9715-43-5
  2. ↑ Svensson, Bertil: Matkailijan Madeira, s. 120-129. Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, 2005. ISBN 951119979X
  3. ↑ Walks (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) Madeira Islands Tourism Official Website
  4. ↑ What are Levadas (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) Madeira Islands Tourism Official Website
  5. ↑ Madeira Walks (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) Madeira Seekers
  6. ↑ Levada dos Tornos Walk Above Funchal (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) Love Madeira

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