Kreijari

Kreijari, Architectura navalis mercatoria, 1768

Kreijari (ruots. kreijare) oli 1400–1700-luvuilla käytössä ollut purjealustyyppi, jonka nimitys tulee takilasta. Vanhin tunnettu kreijari on Turun linnan asiakirjoissa mainittu Furublåssen.

Takila

Laivassa oli kaksi tai kolme raakatakiloitua yhtäjaksoista mastoa, niin sanottua paalumastoa, joissa oli raakapurjeet kahdessa etummaisessa mastossa. Paalumasto mahdollisti etummaisen maston eli fokkamaston ja isonmaston kaksien raakojen laskemisen kannelle. Märssypurjeiden jiiktouvit toimivat vetiminä, jolloin purjeita koottaessa yläraa'at vedettiin alas alaraakojen lähelle siten, että purjeita kääriessään merimiehet seisoivat alaraa'an jalkapertillä. Kreijaressa oli puomillinen kahvelimesaani, joten sen takilointi oli myöhemmän parkin varhainen muoto.

Runko

Kreijarit olivat leveitä ja pyöreäpohjaisia, lastiruuman muoto muistutti lehmänmahaa. Lastia niihin mahtui paljon, 240–360 tonnia, mutta ne olivat hitaita purjehtijoita.

Käyttö

Kreijareiden koko vaihteli 16—22 metrin välillä ja 1400-luvulla se oli yksi suurimmista alustyypeistä. 1500-luvun lopulta kreijareita käytettiin myös armeijan kuljetusaluksina. Kreijari oli yleinen näky kauppalaivana 1700-luvulla.

Uusi mäntyrakenteinen kreijari maksoi 1600-luvun loppupuolella noin 20 000 kuparitaalaria. Kreijari korvautui parkkilaivoilla 1700-luvun lopulla.

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