Kaliumhydroksidi

Kaliumhydroksidi
Tunnisteet
Muut nimet Kaustinen potaska
CAS-numero 1310-58-3
PubChem CID 14797
Ominaisuudet
Molekyylikaava KOH
Moolimassa 56,1 g/mol
Ulkomuoto Valkoinen kiinteä aine
Sulamispiste 406 °C (679 K)
Kiehumispiste 1 320 °C (1 593 K)
Tiheys 2,044 g/cm3 (kiinteänä)
Liukoisuus veteen 1 100 g/l (25 °C)

Kaliumhydroksidi (KOH) eli kalilipeä on kalium- ja hydroksidi-ionien muodostama epäorgaaninen ioniyhdiste. Aineen vesiliuos on vahva emäs, koska liuetessaan veteen suola hajoaa kalium- ja hydroksidi-ioneiksi, ja hydroksidi-ioni aiheuttaa emäksisyyden liuokseen. Liukeneminen on eksoterminen reaktio[1].

Kaliumhydroksidia tuotetaan teollisesti kaliumkloridista elektrolysoimalla. Toinen tapa tuottaa yhdistettä hieman pienempiä määriä on kalsiumhydroksidin ja kaliumkarbonaatin välisellä reaktiolla.[2]

Elintarvikkeiden lisäaineiden koodauksessa kaliumhydroksidin E-koodi on E525, ja sitä käytetään happamuudensäätöaineena.[3] Kemianteollisuudessa kaliumhydroksidi on keskeinen kemikaali ja sitä käytetään muun muassa valmistettaessa muita kaliumyhdisteitä, saippuaa, tekstiiliteollisuudessa, metallurgiassa ja laboratoriokemikaalina.[2] Kaliumhydroksidia käytetään myös hiilidioksidin talteenotossa[4] suoraan ilmakehästä.

Kaliumhydroksidin 10–25 % liuosta voidaan käyttää värireagenssina jäkälien kemiallisessa määrittämisessä jäkäläaineiden eli sekundaaristen aineenvaihduntatuotteiden avulla. Kaliumhydroksidi muodostaa keltaisia ja punaisia suoloja monien jäkäläaineiden kanssa.[5]

Lähteet

  1. Thomas Scott & Mary Eagleson: Concise encyclopedia chemistry, s. 888. Walter de Gruyter, 1994. ISBN 978-3-11-011451-5 (englanniksi)
  2. a b E. M. Karamäki: Epäorgaaniset kemikaalit, s. 173. Kustannusliike Tietoteos, 1983. ISBN 951-9035-61-3
  3. E525 - Kaliumhydroksidi Ruokavirasto. Viitattu 25.9.202.
  4. Joe Myers: These 2 companies can pull CO2 straight from the air World Economic Forum. 26.6.2020. World Economic Forum.
  5. Stenroos, S., Ahti, T., Lohtander K. & Myllys, L.: Suomen jäkäläopas. (sivu 24) Helsinki: Luonnontieteellisen keskusmuseon kasvimuseo, 2011. ISBN 978-952-10-6804-1

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