Gustav Nachtigal

Gustav Nachtigal.

Gustav Nachtigal (23. helmikuuta 1834 Eichstedt – 20. huhtikuuta 1885 Guineanlahti[1]) oli saksalainen Afrikan tutkija ja kolonialisti.

Papin perheeseen syntynyt Nachtigal jäi varhain orvoksi. Hän valmistui sotilaslääkäriksi vuonna 1857, mutta lähti vuonna 1862 hoitamaan tuberkuloosiaan Algeriaan. Nachtigal opetteli arabiaa ja siirtyi vuonna 1863 lääkäriksi Tunisiin. Vuonna 1868 hän tutustui Gerhard Rohlfsiin, joka antoi hänen tehtäväkseen viedä Bornun sulttaanille Preussin kuninkaan lahjat kiitokseksi Heinrich Barthille ja muille saksalaisille tutkimusmatkailijoille annetusta avusta.[1]

Nachtigal lähti matkalle Tripolista vuonna 1869 edeten Murzuqin kautta ensimmäisenä eurooppalaisena Tibestivuoristoon. Hän tutki vuosina 1870–1873 Tšadjärven alueella Bornun, Kanemin ja Bagirmin alueita sekä Charijoen alajuoksua. Nachtigal kääntyi sitten itään aikaisemmin tuntemattomaan Wadaihin. Hän eteni Darfurin ja Kordofanin kautta Khartumiin ja palasi vuonna 1874 Kairosta Saksaan. Nachtigal laati matkastaan kolmiosaisen kuvauksen Sahara und Sudan, joka ilmestyi vuosina 1879–1889.[1][2]

Nachtigalin matka herätti Saksassa suurta huomiota. Vuonna 1882 hänet nimitettiin Saksan pääkonsuliksi Tunisiin. Vuonna 1884 Otto von Bismarck lähetti Nachtigalin valtakunnankomissaariksi Länsi-Afrikkaan, jossa hän perusti Saksan protektoraatit Togomaahan, Kameruniin ja Lounais-Afrikkaan. Nachtigal kuoli paluumatkalla laivalla malariaan. Hänet haudattiin myöhemmin Doualaan.[1]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d Nachtigal, Gustav Deutsche Biographie. Viitattu 28.8.2021.
  2. ↑ Afrika: entsiklopeditšeski slovar, tom 2, s. 223. Moskva: Sovetskaja entsiklopedija, 1987.

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