ظرفیت (زبان‌شناسی)

گذرایی و ظرفیت
گذرایی
فعل ناگذر
فعل گذرا
فعل دوگذرا
افزایش ظرفیت
سببی
اعمالی
سودمندی
مفعولی
کاهش ظرفیت
فعل مجهول
ضدمجهول
مجهول غیرشخصی
بازتابی‌ها و وارون‌ها
ضمیر فاعلی (مسندالیه)
فعل بازتابی
وارون (دستور زبان)
ضمیر وارون
نشان درگاه درگاه زبان

ظرفیت (به انگلیسی: valency یا valence) در زبان‌شناسی به‌معنی تعداد شناسه (موضوع)هایی است که توسط یک گزاره کنترل می‌شود. معمول‌ترین گزاره‌ها، فعل‌های محتوایی هستند. مفهوم ظرفیت با مفاهیم زیرطبقه‌بندی و گذرایی مرتبط است، اگرچه با آن‌ها یکسان نیست، این مفاهیم تنها شناسه‌های مفعول را می‌شمارند، درحالیکه ظرفیت همهٔ شناسه‌ها (شامل نهاد) را می‌شمارد. مفهوم ظرفیت در زبان‌شناسی از تعریف ظرفیت شیمیایی در علم شیمی گرفته شده‌است. استعاره ظرفیت اولین بار در زبان‌شناسی در مقاله چارلز سندرز پیرس به نام «منطق روابط (The Logic of Relatives)» در سال ۱۸۹۷ پدیدار شد،[۱] و سپس چند دهه بعد، در کارهای تعدادی از زبان‌شناسان در اواخر دهه ۱۹۴۰ و ۱۹۵۰ بروز کرد.[۲] معمولاً لوسی‌ین تنی‌یر را مسئول ایجاد مفهوم ظرفیت در زبان‌شناسی می‌دانند.[۳] متصدی اصلی دربارهٔ ظرفیت افعال انگلیسی آلرتون (۱۹۸۲) است، او یک تفاوت مهم بین ظرفیت معنایی و نحوی قائل بود.[۴]

جستارهای وابسته

منابع

  1. ↑ Przepiórkowski (2018) investigates the origins of the valency metaphor in linguistics. He points out that Peirce's use of the valency metaphor is overlooked, Lucien Tesnière being incorrectly credited with having introduced the notion into linguistics.
  2. ↑ Przepiórkowski (2018) documents that in addition to Peirce and Tesnière, three other linguists employed the metaphor roughly around the same time as Tesnière: the Soviet linguist Solomon Davidovič Kacnel’son (1948), the Dutch linguist Albert Willem de Groot(1949), and the American linguist Charles Hockett (1958).
  3. ↑ Tesnière devotes a lengthy and detailed chapter to presenting and exploring the valency concept in his book Éléments de Syntaxe structurale (Elements of Structural Syntax) (1959).
  4. ↑ "Valency (linguistics)". Wikipedia (به انگلیسی). 2020-04-14.

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