زبان اویرات

زبان اویرات
ᡆᡕᡅᠷᠠᡑ ᡘᡄᠯᡄᠨ Oirad kelen
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ Mongγol kelen-ü Oyirad ayalγu
زبان بومی درمغولستان، روسیه، چین، قرقیزستان
منطقهاستان خاود، استان اووس، استان بایان-اولگی، قالموقستان، سین‌کیانگ، گانسو، چینگهای
قومیت۶۳۸٬۲۷۲ اویرات‌ها
شمار گویشوران
368,000, 58% of ethnic population  (۲۰۰۷–۲۰۱۰)[۱]
زبان‌های مغولی‌تبار
  • Central Mongolic
    • زبان اویرات
گونه‌های معیار
Clear script (China: unofficial), الفبای سیریلیک (Russia: official)
وضعیت رسمی
زبان رسمی در
قالموقستان، روسیه (in the form of Kalmyk); ولایت خودمختار هاایشی مغول و تبتی in چینگهای، چین; ولایت خودگردان بایینغولین مغول و ولایت خودمختار بورتالا مغول in سین‌کیانگ، China
کدهای زبان
ایزو ۲–۶۳۹xal
ایزو ۳–۶۳۹یکی از:

xal – Modern Oirat

xwo – Written Oirat
فهرست لینگوییست
xwo Written Oirat
گلاتولوگkalm1243[۲]
زبان‌شناسیpart of 44-BAA-b
{{{mapalt}}}
A map showing the distribution of Oirat outside Kalmykia. Varieties in dispute have not been included[۳]

زبان اویرات (Ойрад) متعلق به گروه زبان‌های مغولی‌تبار است. محققان در مورد اینکه آیا اویرات را به عنوان یک زبان جدا یا یکی از گویش‌های اصلی زبان مغولی در نظر بگیرند، اختلاف نظر دارند.

مناطق اویرات‌زبان در منتهی‌الیه غربی مغولستان، شمال غرب جمهوری خلق چین و کرانه خزری روسیه پراکنده‌اند. در کرانه دریای خزر عمده‌ترین شکل این زبان، زبان قالمیق است. اویرات در چین به‌طور عمده در سین‌کیانگ صحبت می‌شود و در گانسو هم گویشور دارد.

منابع

  1. Modern Oirat at اتنولوگ (18th ed., 2015)
    Written Oirat at اتنولوگ (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Oirad-Kalmyk". Glottolog 2.2. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. {{cite book}}: Invalid |display-editors=4 (help)
  3. cp. the distribution given by Svantesson et al. 2005: 141

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