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Input to a cryptographic primitive In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable[1] is an input to a cryptographic primitive being used to provide the initial state. The IV is typically required to be random or pseudorandom, but sometimes an IV only needs to be unpredictable or unique. Randomization is crucial for some encryption schemes to achieve semantic security, a property whereby repeated usage of the scheme under the same key does not allow an attacker to ...

هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق معلومات مخصص إليها. الأنثروبولوجيا الفلسفية، أو ما يسمى أحيانًا بعلم الإنسان الفلسفي،[1][2] هو تخصص يتناول أسئلة ما وراء الطبيعة وعلم الظواهر لدى الإنسان والعلاقات الشخصية. تاريخها الكت�...

السمو الأميري  ألبير الثاني (أمير موناكو) (بالفرنسية: Albert II)‏    مناصب وريث واضح   في المنصب14 مارس 1958  – 6 أبريل 2005  رئيس[1]   تولى المنصب1994  معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة (بالفرنسية: Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre Grimaldi)‏  الميلاد 14 مارس 1958 (65 سنة)[2][3]  قصر الأم�...

Bông lau tai trắngTình trạng bảo tồnÍt quan tâm (IUCN 3.1)[1]Phân loại khoa họcGiới (regnum)AnimaliaNgành (phylum)ChordataLớp (class)AvesBộ (ordo)PasseriformesHọ (familia)PycnonotidaeChi (genus)PycnonotusLoài (species)P. aurigasterDanh pháp hai phầnPycnonotus aurigaster(Vieillot, 1818) Danh pháp đồng nghĩa Turdus aurigaster Bông lau tai trắng, tên khoa học Pycnonotus aurigaster, là một loài chim trong họ Pycnonotidae.[2] Phâ...

Artikel ini sebagian besar atau seluruhnya berasal dari satu sumber. Diskusi terkait dapat dibaca pada the halaman pembicaraan. Tolong bantu untuk memperbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan rujukan ke sumber lain yang tepercaya.Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Yulius haki...

King of Roman client state Bosporus from 253 to 254 PharsanzesCoin of PharsanzesKing of the BosporusReign253–254PredecessorRhescuporis VSuccessorRhescuporis VDied254 (?)DynastyTiberian-Julian (?)FatherIninthimeus (?) Pharsanzes (Greek: Τιβέριος Ἰούλιος Φαρσάνζης, romanized: Tiberios Ioulios Farsanzes), also known as Farsanza,[1] was the king of the Bosporan Kingdom, a Roman client state, from 253 to 254. Virtually no historical information is known of P...

1989 studio album by Def JefJust a Poet with SoulStudio album by Def JefReleasedNovember 14, 1989Recorded1988–89GenreHip hopLength51:25LabelDelicious VinylProducerDef JefDust BrothersMichael RossDef Jef chronology Just a Poet with Soul(1989) Soul Food(1991) Singles from Just a Poet with Soul Droppin Rhymes on DrumsReleased: November 6, 1989 Black to the FutureReleased: May 7, 1990 Poet with SoulReleased: July 1, 1991 Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic[1]Lo...

Cerkiew Zaśnięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny i klasztor BazylianówЦарква Успення Прасвятой Багародзіцы і манастыр бызыльян у Віцебску 212Г000062 sobór Odbudowana cerkiew Państwo  Białoruś Obwód  witebski Miejscowość Witebsk Wyznanie prawosławne Kościół Rosyjski Kościół Prawosławny Eparchia witebska i orszańska Wezwanie Zaśnięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny Wspomnienie liturgiczne 15/28 sierpnia Historia ...

This article is about decorative technique. For other uses, see Oyster. The oyster-like effect of yew wood cut across the grain Oystering or oyster veneer is a decorative form of veneering, a type of parquetry.[1] This technique is using thin slices of wood branches or roots cut in cross-section, usually from small branches of walnut, olive, kingwood and less commonly laburnum, yew and cocus.[1] The resulting circular or oval pieces of veneer are laid side by side in furniture...

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (September 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliabl...

2008 single by Goldfrapp HappinessSingle by Goldfrappfrom the album Seventh Tree B-sideRoad to SomewhereMonster LoveEat YourselfReleased14 April 2008 (2008-04-14)GenreFolktronica[1]Length4:17 (album version)3:37 (single version)LabelMuteSongwriter(s)Alison GoldfrappWill GregoryProducer(s)Alison GoldfrappWill GregoryGoldfrapp singles chronology A&E (2008) Happiness (2008) Caravan Girl (2008) Happiness is a song by the English duo Goldfrapp from their fourth studio al...

Place in Anosy, MadagascarElontya school in Tamotamo, Elonty.ElontyLocation in MadagascarCoordinates: 24°2′S 46°13′E / 24.033°S 46.217°E / -24.033; 46.217Country MadagascarRegionAnosyDistrictAmboasary SudArea • Total1,150 km2 (440 sq mi)Elevation[1]348 m (1,142 ft)Population (2001)[2] • Total8,000Time zoneUTC3 (EAT)Postal code603 Elonty is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs t...

American actress Ari GraynorGraynor at the 2017 Montclair Film FestivalBornAriel Geltman Graynor (1983-04-27) April 27, 1983 (age 40)Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.Alma materTrinity CollegeOccupationActressYears active2001–present Ariel Geltman Graynor (born April 27, 1983) is an American actress, known for her roles in TV series such as I'm Dying Up Here, The Sopranos and Fringe, in stage productions such as Brooklyn Boy and The Little Dog Laughed, and in films such as Nick &...

Australian rules footballer Australian rules footballer Dennis Armfield Armfield with Carlton in 2017Personal informationFull name Dennis ArmfieldDate of birth (1986-12-22) 22 December 1986 (age 36)Place of birth Canberra, AustraliaOriginal team(s) Swan Districts (WAFL)Draft No. 46, 2007 national draftHeight 181 cm (5 ft 11 in)Weight 79 kg (174 lb)Position(s) Half-forward flankPlaying career1Years Club Games (Goals)2008–2017 Carlton 145 (75) 1 Playing stat...

Burmese actress This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Sandar actress – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2021) In this Burmese name, the given name is Sandar. There is no family name. Sandarစန္ဒာBornSan San Shin(1949-03-22)22 March 1949Rangoon, BurmaDied23 De...

Hrvatska nogometna ligaSuperSport Hrvatska nogometna ligaSport Calcio TipoSquadre di club FederazioneHNS Paese Croazia OrganizzatoreFederazione calcistica della Croazia TitoloCampione di Croazia Cadenzaannuale Aperturaluglio Chiusuramaggio Partecipanti10 squadre FormulaGirone all'italiana A/R/A/R Retrocessione in1. NL Sito Internethnl.hr StoriaFondazione1992 Numero edizioni32 Detentore Dinamo Zagabria Record vittorie Dinamo Zagabria (24) Ultima edizioneHNL 2022-23 Edizione in c...

Superfamily of moths Drepanoidea Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Clade: Eulepidoptera Clade: Ditrysia Clade: Apoditrysia Clade: Obtectomera Clade: Macroheterocera Superfamily: DrepanoideaBoisduval, 1828 Families Drepanidae Cimeliidae Doidae Synonyms Cimelioidea Chrétien, 1916 Axioidea Rebel, 1919 (Unav.) Drepanoidea is the superfamily of hook tip moths. See Minet and Scoble (1999) for a comprehensive overview....

معركة العمارة جزء من الاحتلال الأمريكي للعراق معلومات عامة التاريخ 2006م البلد العراق  الموقع ميسان，العمارة31°50′00″N 47°09′00″E / 31.83333333°N 47.15°E / 31.83333333; 47.15  النتيجة سيطرة جيش المهدي على المدينة بشكل مؤقت المتحاربون جيش المهدي  العراق  بريطانيا أمريكا ال...

ChortutDaha Mamlakat TojikistonRasmiy til(lar)i Tojik tiliAholisi (2017) 697 kishiMilliy tarkib tojiklarKonfessiyaviy tarkib musulmonlarVaqt mintaqasi UTC+5Telefon kodi +992 3138Pochta indeks(lar)i 735300Avtomobil kodi TJ03 Chortut — Norak tumani Dukoniy QFYga qarashli qishloq. Chortutdan mahalla markazigacha boʻlgan masofa 5 km, tuman markazigacha 8 kmni tashkil qiladi. Aholisi 757 kishi (2017), tojiklar. Manbalar Tojikiston maʼmuriy boʻlinishi — D : SIEMT, 2017.&#...

川越まつり（2010年10月16日撮影） 時の鐘付近にて（2008年10月） 川越氷川祭（かわごえひかわまつり）は、毎年10月第3日曜日とその前日の土曜日（ただし10月14日・15日が土曜日と日曜日の場合はその両日）に行われる埼玉県川越市の川越氷川神社の祭礼で、一般には川越まつりと呼ばれている。常陸國總社宮大祭(石岡のおまつり)・佐原の大祭と並び関東三大祭りの一つ�...