Usbekid

Usbekid (endanimetus O‘zbeklar või O‘zbekler) on turgi rahvas Usbekistanis ja teistes Kesk-Aasia riikides. Kõnelevad usbeki keelt, mis kuulub turgi keelte tšagatai rühma ehk karluki rühma. Usklikud on islamiusulised (sunniidid). Endistes Nõukogude vabariikides järgivad usbekid mõõdukamat islamit, Afganistanis elavad usbekid peavad usukommetest rangemini kinni.

Ühtekokku on usbekke 27–29 miljonit, neist Usbekistanis 22–23 miljonit, Afganistanis 1,5–2,7 miljonit, Tadžikistanis 1,13 miljonit, Kõrgõzstanis 800 000, Kasahstanis 494 000, Türkmenistanis 250 000 – 500 000, Venemaa Föderatsioonis 289 862^[1], Türgis 50 000, Hiinas 25 000, Ukrainas 22 000 ja Ameerika Ühendriikides 16 000.

Eestis elas 2000. aasta rahvaloenduse andmetel 132 usbekki ja 2011. aasta rahvaloenduse andmetel 121 (neist 67 Tallinnas).^[2]

Usbeki rahvas on tekkinud kohaliku varasema iraanikeelse elanikkonna segunemisel mitmes laines 11.–15. sajandini saabunud turgikeelsete sisserändajatega.

Etnonüüm "usbekk" on arvatavasti pärit 14. sajandi algusest, mil Uzbek-khaani valitsusajal hakati nii kutsuma Kuldhordi islamistunud tuumikut. 1499. aastal tungisid Timuriidide valdustesse rändusbekid (Šeibaniidide dünastia). Hiljem hakatigi kohalikku rahvast nende järgi usbekkideks kutsuma.

1860. aastate lõpus ja 1870. aastate algul sattusid usbekid Venemaa keisririigi võimu alla.

Viited

↑ "Arhiivikoopia". Originaali (PDF) arhiivikoopia seisuga 6. september 2018. Vaadatud 15. juunil 2013.{{netiviide}}: CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana (link)
↑ Päring Statistikaameti andmebaasist

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