Süngoonia

Süngoonia (inglise crystal system) on sarnaste sümmeetriaelementide, kristallograafiliste telgede ning nendevaheliste nurkadega kristallide klass.

Süngooniate arv on eri koolkondades erinev. Tänapäeval on kõige levinum kuuest süngooniast koosnev klassifikatsioon, kuid kasutatakse ka seitsmest süngooniast koosnevat süsteemi.

Süngooniad:

Sageli eristatakse ka trigonaalset süngooniat, kuid viimasel ajal[millal?] loetakse teda enamasti ebavajalikuks ja asendatavaks heksagonaalse süngooniaga.

Kõigi süngooniate peale kokku on olemas 32 punktigruppi, mille alusel on võimalik kirjeldada kõiki kristalle.

Ülevaade süngooniatest

Ladina tähtedega tähistatakse kristallograafilisi telgi, kreeka tähtedega aga nendevahelisi nurki. Kui sümmeetria tõttu on teljed võrdsed, on nad tähistatud sama tähega. Näiteks kuubiline süngoonia, kus on kolm võrdset telge, mis asuvad kõik üksteise suhtes risti ja on seetõttu tähistatud "a1", "a2", "a3", mitte "a", "b", "c". Vertikaalne telg on tähistatud tähega "c", väljaarvatud kuubiline süngoonia, kus kõik teljed on võrdsed ja termin "vertikaalne" ei oma mingit sisu. Vertikaalseks loetakse enamasti kõige pikemat telge. Horisontaalsed teljed on tähistatud tähtedega "a" ja "b". Juhul kui nad on võrdsed, on nad tähistatud ühe tähega "a1", "a2". Heksagonaalses süngoonias on kolm võrdset telge (a1, a2, a3).

Kuubiline

  • a1 = a2 = a3
  • kõik teljed on üksteise suhtes risti

Heksagonaalne

  • a1 = a2 = a3, asuvad ühel tasandil, nurk nende vahel on 120°
  • c on risti tasandiga, mille moodustavad teljed a1, a2, a3

Tetragonaalne

  • a = b ≠ c; a = a1; b = a2
  • α = β = γ = 90°

Rombiline

  • a ≠ b ≠ c
  • α = β = γ = 90°

Monokliinne

  • a ≠ b ≠ c
  • β > 90°; α = γ = 90°

Trikliinne

  • a ≠ b ≠ c
  • α ≠ β ≠ γ ≠ 90°

Punktigruppide sümmeetriaelemendid ja levinumad mineraalid

Süngoonia Klass TELJED S. tasand Inversiooni-kese Hermann-Maugini sümbolid Olulisemad mineraalid
2. järku 3. järku 4. järku 6. järku
Kuubiline Tetartoidaalne 3 4 23
Diploidaalne 3 4 3 jah 2/m 3 püriit
Hekstetraeedriline 3 4 6 43m haüiin, noseaan, sfaleriit
Güroidaalne 6 4 3 432
Heksoktaeedriline 6 4 3 9 jah 4/m 3 2/m fluoriit, granaadid, haliit, teemant, mitmed ehedad metallid
Heksagonaalne Trigonaalne-dipüramidaalne 1 1 -6
Püramidaalne 1 6 kankriniit, nefeliin
Dipüramidaalne 1 1 jah 6/m apatiit
Ditrigonaalne-dipüramidaalne 3 1 4 6m2
Diheksagonaalne-püramidaalne 1 6 6mm tsinkiit
Trapetsoeedriline 6 1 622
Diheksagonaalne-dipüramidaalne 6 1 7 jah 6/m 2/m 2/m berüll, grafiit, jää, mitmed ehedad metallid
Trigonaalne Püramidaalne 1 3
Romboeedriline 1 jah -3 ankeriit, dioptaas, dolomiit, ilmeniit
Ditrigonaalne-püramidaalne 1 3 3m pürargüriit, šorl
Trapetsoeedriline 3 1 32 kinaver, kvarts
Heksagonaalne-skalenoeedriline 3 1 3 jah 3 2/m hematiit, kaltsiit, korund, magnesiit, rodokrosiit, sideriit
Tetragonaalne Düsfenoidaalne 1 -4
Püramidaalne 1 4
Dipüramidaalne 1 1 jah 4/m leutsiit, skapoliit, šeeliit, vesuviaan
Skalenoeedriline 3 2 4 2m kalkopüriit, meliliit
Ditetragonaalne-püramidaalne 4 4mm
Trapetsoeedriline 4 1 422 kristobaliit
Ditetragonaalne-dipüramidaalne 4 1 5 jah 4/m 2/m 2/m anataas, rutiil, tina, tsirkoon
Rombiline Püramidaalne 1 2 mm2 preniit
Düsfenoidaalne 3 222
Dipüramidaalne 3 3 jah 2/m 2/m 2/m andalusiit, anglesiit, aragoniit, barüüt, enstatiit, oliviin, topaas, väävel
Monokliinne Domaatiline 1 m antigoriit
Sfenoidaalne 1 2
Prismaline 1 1 jah 2/m aktinoliit, asuriit, augiit, auripigment, biotiit, diopsiid, epidoot, gibsiit, glaukofaan, glaukoniit, kips, mirabilliit, muskoviit, omfatsiit, ortoklass, sanidiin, talk, ägiriin
Trikliinne Pediaalne 1 analtsiim, astrofülliit, kaoliniit, tridümiit
Pinakoidaalne jah 1 anortoklass, küaniit, plagioklassid, pürofülliit, rodoniit

Read other articles:

Book by Richard Dawkins Flights of Fancy: Defying Gravity by Design and Evolution AuthorRichard DawkinsCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishSubjectAnimal flightPublished2021 (Head of Zeus, London)Media typePrintPages294ISBN1838937854OCLC1299256370LC ClassQP310.F5Preceded byBooks Do Furnish a Life: Reading and Writing Science  Flights of Fancy: Defying Gravity by Design and Evolution is a 2021 book written by Richard Dawkins and illustrated by Jana Lenzová. Themes Flights o...

 

This is a list of all electric locomotives that have been or are being operated by Indian Railways. Classification Locomotives were classified by track gauge, motive power, function and power (or model number) in a four- or five-letter code. The first letter denotes the track gauge. The second letter denotes motive power (diesel or electric), and the third letter denotes use (goods, passenger, mixed or shunting). The fourth letter denotes a locomotive's chronological model number. In 2002, a ...

 

عبد الله فواز معلومات شخصية الميلاد 3 أكتوبر 1996 (27 سنة)  سلطنة عمان  مركز اللعب وسط الجنسية سلطنة عمان  المنتخب الوطني 2 سنوات فريق مشاركات (أهداف) 2018 عمان تحت 23 3 (0) 2017– عمان 23 (5) المواقع مُعرِّف موقع football-teams 68111  2 عدد مرات الظهور مع المنتخب وعدد الأهداف محدث في 2 فبر

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يوليو 2020) أوليفر بيرهوس معلومات شخصية الميلاد 6 أكتوبر 1975 (48 سنة)  كوبنهاغن  مواطنة مملكة الدنمارك  الطول 183 سنتيمتر  الحياة العملية المهنة عارض،  وممثل  ا

 

الإفراز الخلوي المتواسط بالجسيم المسامي [الإنجليزية]. الإفراز[1][2] هو حركة المواد من نقطة إلى أخرى، مثل إفراز مادة كيماوية من الخلية أو الغدة. بالمقابل، إن الإخراج، هو إزالة مواد أو فضلات محددة من خلية أو عضو. إن الآلية التقليدية لإفراز الخلية هو عبر بوابات إفرازية ف...

 

1980 studio album by David Bowie This article is about the David Bowie album. For the album's title track, see Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps) (song). Scary Monsters redirects here. For The X-Files episode, see Scary Monsters (The X-Files). Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps)Studio album by David BowieReleased12 September 1980 (1980-09-12)RecordedFebruary–April 1980StudioPower Station (New York City)Good Earth (London)Genre Art rock new wave post-punk Length45:37LabelRCAP...

Geographic area in Chile This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Brunswick Peninsula – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Brunswick peninsula, the southernmost part of the American mainland Brunswick Peninsula (Spanish: Pení...

 

『聖母被昇天』オランダ語: Tenhemelopneming van Maria英語: Assumption of the Virgin Mary作者ピーテル・パウル・ルーベンス製作年1625年 - 1626年種類油彩、板寸法490 cm × 325 cm (190 in × 128 in)所蔵聖母大聖堂、アントウェルペン 『聖母被昇天』(せいぼひしょうてん)は、フランドルの画家ピーテル・パウル・ルーベンスにより描かれた絵画である。同名...

 

Painting by El Greco Christ on the Cross Adored by Two DonorsArtistEl GrecoYearc.1590Mediumoil on canvasDimensions260 cm × 171 cm (100 in × 67 in)LocationLouvre, Paris Christ on the Cross Adored by Two Donors is a c.1590 oil on canvas painting by El Greco, now in the Louvre, Paris.[1] Intended for a chapel in the Hieronymite monastery in Toledo, it was commissioned by one of the two figures shown beneath the cross in the places usually occup...

1983 single by Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double TroubleLove Struck BabySingle by Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Troublefrom the album Texas Flood B-sideRude MoodReleased1983 (1983)RecordedNovember 24, 1982 (1982-11-24)GenreBlues, rockLength2:19LabelEpic (US & UK)Songwriter(s)Stevie Ray VaughanProducer(s)Stevie Ray VaughanRichard MullenStevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble singles chronology Love Struck Baby (1983) Pride and Joy (1983) Love Struck Baby is a blues rock song ...

 

Aswatamaअश्वत्थामाIlustrasi Aswatama menurut lukisan Bali. Nama Aswatama ditulis 'Bangbang Swatama' dalam aksara Bali.Tokoh MahabharataNamaAswatamaEjaan Dewanagariअश्वत्थामाEjaan IASTAśvatthāmāNama lainDroni, Droniyana, Acaryanandana, AcaryaputraGelarmaharathiKitab referensiMahabharata, PuranaKediamanHastinapura; PanchalaGolonganciranjiwiKastabrahmanaSenjatapanah, Narayanastra, BrahmastraAyahDronaIbuKrepi Dalam wiracarita Mahabharata, Aswatama (Dewan...

 

金山小白鶴 臺灣 臺灣概況 臺灣人民-臺灣人口 臺灣經濟-臺灣奇蹟 臺灣能源-臺灣交通 臺灣政區-臺灣城市 臺灣政治-臺灣政府 臺灣政黨-臺灣選舉 臺灣法律-臺灣總統 臺灣外交-臺灣軍事 臺灣族群-臺灣原民 臺灣人權-臺灣權益 臺海現狀-臺灣問題 臺灣紀錄-臺灣之最 臺灣第一列表 臺灣文化 臺灣語言-臺灣文學 臺灣宗教-臺灣喪葬 臺灣古蹟-臺灣遺址 臺灣國...

1986 American TV series or program PromiseDVD coverGenreDramaScreenplay byRichard FriedenbergStory byKenneth BlackwellTennyson FlowersRichard FriedenbergDirected byGlenn JordanStarringJames GarnerJames WoodsPiper LaurieMusic byDavid ShireCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishProductionExecutive producersPeter K. DuchowJames GarnerProducerGlenn JordanCinematographyGayne RescherEditorPaul RubellRunning time97 minutesProduction companiesHallmark Hall of FameGarner-Ducho...

 

For the film director, see Erich von Stroheim. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (November 2016) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting...

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Theory of Discoustic adalah band asal Makassar. Band yang terbentuk pada tahun 2010 ini terdiri dari Megawati selaku vokalis, Reza dan Nugraha pada gitar, Fadly pada bass, keyboard pada Hamzarulla dan Adrian pada drum. Karya-karya mereka mengangkat te...

Cuisine of Iceland This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Icelandic cuisine – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) A fisherman's hut in Reykjavík in 1835 with fish hung outside for drying. Wind-dried fish remains popular in Icel...

 

Aquabus redirects here. For the water taxi in Erie, Pennsylvania, see Presque Isle Water Taxi. Aquabus boarding at Granville Island Aquabus driving through False Creek vteThe Aquabus Legend Hornby Street West End Granville Island David Lam Park Stamp's Landing Spyglass Place Olympic Village Yaletown Plaza of Nations Science World The Aquabus, also known as Aquabus Ferries Ltd., is a privately owned and operated ferry service that provides commuter and sightseeing services[1] to locati...

 

Radio Nederland WereldomroepJenisPenyiaran publik internasionalNegaraBelandaJangkauanInternationalTanggal luncur15 April 1947Ditutup31 Desember 2012Situs resmiRadio Netherlands ArchivesDigantiPCJ/PHI (Philips Radio)PenggantiRNW Media Radio Nederland Wereldomroep (RNW) adalah jaringan radio dan televisi umum yang berpusat di Hilversum, [Belanda]], memproduksi dan menyiarkan program-programnya untuk pendengar internasional di luar Belanda sejak 1947 hingga 2012. Radio Nederland Wereldomroep jug...

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Reinier Bertus Beeuwkes – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Reinier Bertus Beeuwkes Rekam medali Mewakili  Belanda sepak bola pria London 1908 Kompetisi Tim Reinier Bertus Beeuwkes (...

 

Label applied to certain updates of old games for the Nintendo 3DS It has been suggested that this article should be split into articles titled 3D Classics (Nintendo) and 3D Classics (Sega), because the two topics covered on this page are unrelated. (discuss) (April 2022) Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. (October 2023) (Learn how and when to remov...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!