Mäng

"Laste mängud", 1560, Pieter Brueghel Vanem.

Mäng on süsteem, mille eripäraks on tingliku ja reaalse samaaegsus ning mängus osalejate teadlikkus sellest.[viide?]

Mäng on teatud reegleid järgiv tegevus, mille käigus taotletakse naudingut, kuid mitte tulu.[viide?] Mäng võib matkida tegelikkust, panna proovile mängijate kehalisi ja vaimseid võimeid. Mäng piirneb rituaali, kaunite kunstide ja spordiga. Mängud sisaldavad sageli ka arendavaid, kasvatuslikke, sotsiaalseid, harivaid või muid aspekte, tihti ka võistluslikku momenti. Mängu reeglid ja/või piirid eristavad mängu tegelikkusest.

Mäng on ühtlasi nii kooperatiivse kui ka konkureeriva loomuga ettevõtmine.[viide?]

Mäng on tegevus, millele on omane eesmärgi puudumine, improviseeritus, reeglite kokku leppimine mängu käigus, vabatahtlikkus ning lapsiku rõõmu tundmine.[viide?]

Mänguks kitsamas tähenduses nimetatakse üht konkreetset mängulise tegevuse üksust oma kindlate tegevuste ja reeglitega.[viide?]

Metafoorselt nimetatakse mänguks ka mistahes tühist tegevust.[viide?]

Mõju ja vajadus

Mängud ja muud positiivsed ühistegevused lihtsustavad omavahelist suhtlemist, tugevdavad sidemeid, parandavad meeleolu ning toetavad heaolu.[1]

Mäng on omane mitmetele liikidele, näiteks 2012–2018 aastatel uuriti 57 täiskasvanud šimpansi ligi 5000 mängimisjuhtumit. Mängimine oli täiskasvanud šimpansite seas üsna tavaline, seda esines 40 protsendil vaatluspäevadest, eriti siis, kuil oli rohkesti süüa. Mängiti ka enne jahti või territooriumi kaitsmist. Pingelisemad ajad tõid reeglina kaasa mängulisuse tõusu. Enamasti mängiti kahekesi, mõnikord ka kolme- ja nelja-, ühel korral viiekaupa. Šimpansite mäng sisaldab tihti agressiivseid elemente – mänguliselt kasutatuna aitavad need elemendid arvatavasti hoida vastastikust usaldust.[1]

Lisaks leidsid teadlased, et mäng paistab aitavat täiskasvanud šimpansitel maandada omavahelisi pingeid ja suurendada koostööd. Nooremad loomad õpivad mängu kaudu kooselulisi ja kehalisi oskusi.[1]

Mänge

Vaata ka

Viited

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 ERR, Priit Ennet | (26. november 2024). "Mäng on ka täiskasvanud šimpansile tähtis". ERR. Vaadatud 27. novembril 2024.

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