Moraalne paanika

Näide moraalsest paanikast on nõiajaht

Moraalne paanika on laialtlevinud hirm, et mõni pahatahtlik isik või asi ohustab kogukonna või ühiskonna väärtuseid, huvisid või heaolu.^[1][2][3] Ühiskonna mure tekitamise protsessi mingi probleemi pärast algatavad tavaliselt huvigrupid ja massimeedia ning seda võimendavad omakorda poliitikud ja seadusandjad.^[4] Moraalne paanika tekitab tihti õigustuse uute ühiskonna kaitseks mõeldud seaduste vastuvõtmiseks.^[5]

Termini võttis kasutusele sotsioloog Stanley Cohen, kelle sõnul tekib moraalne paanika kui "seisund, episood, isik või isikute rühm on määratletud ohuna ühiskondlikele väärtustele ja huvidele". Kuigi käsitletavad probleemid võivad olla tõelised, liialdatakse nende liigse rõhutamisega nende "tõsidust, ulatust, tavalisust ja/või ärahoitavust". Moraalset paanikat uurivad teadusharud, nagu sotsioloogia, kriminoloogia, meediauuringud ja kultuuriuuringud.^[6]

Moraalse paanika näited on uskumus nagu pedofiilid rööviksid massiliselt lapsi, nagu satanistlikes sektides kiusataks naisi taga ning mured laulusõnade mõjude pärast.^{[7][8][9][10]} Mõned näited moraalsest paanikast on jõudnud jõuliselt päevapoliitikasse, näiteks MeToo liikumine, Red Scare ning mured rassismi ja terrorismi pärast.^{[11][12][13][14]}

See erineb massipsühhoosist, kuna on pigem sotsioloogiline fenomen, mitte psühholoogiline haigus.^[15]

Vaata ka

• Alarmism
• Antisemiitlik stereotüüp
• Hirmu külvamine
• Hälbiv käitumine
• LGBT-vaba tsoon
• Massipsühhoos
• Massipsühhoosi juhtumite loend
• Mõelge lastele
• Nõiajaht
• Satanistlik paanika
• Sildistamisteooria
• Sotsiaalne nakkus
• Stigmatiseerimine
• Taastatud mälestuste teraapia
• Tagakiusamismaania
• The Population Bomb
• Valearusaamade loend
• Valesüüdistus
• Vandenõuteooria
• Vandenõuteooriate loend
• Veresüüdistus

Viited

1. Crossman, Ashley. "Understanding How Moral Panic Threatens Freedom". ThoughtCo (inglise). Vaadatud 1. juunil 2021.
2. Walsh, James P (november 2020). "Social media and moral panics: Assessing the effects of technological change on societal reaction". International Journal of Cultural Studies. 23 (6): 840–859. DOI:10.1177/1367877920912257. PMC 7201200.
3. Jones, Marsha (1999). Mass media. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333672068.
4. Scott, John (2014). A Dictionary of Sociology (Fourth ed.). Oxford University Press. Lk 492. ISBN 978-0-19-968358-1.
5. Pedneault, Amelie (veebruar 2019). Child Abuse and Neglect: Forensic Issues in Evidence, Impact and Management (1st ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Academic Press. Lk 419–433. ISBN 978-0128153444.
6. Critcher, Chas (2017). "Moral Panics". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. DOI:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.155. ISBN 978-0-19-026407-9.
7. Hesselink-Louw, Anne; Olivier, Karen (1. oktoober 2001). "A criminological analysis of crimes against disabled children: the adult male sexual offender". Child Abuse Research in South Africa. 2 (2): 15–20.
8. Lancaster, Roger (2011). Sex Panic and the Punitive State. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. Lk 4, 33–34, 76–79. ISBN 978-0520262065.
9. Extein, Andrew (25. oktoober 2013). "Fear the Bogeyman: Sex Offender Panic on Halloween". Huffington Post. Vaadatud 26. novembril 2014.
10. Deflem, Mathieu. 2020. "Popular Culture and Social Control: The Moral Panic on Music Labeling". American Journal of Criminal Justice 45(1):2–24 (First published online July 24, 2019)
11. Carmichael, Ellen (12. aprill 2022). "The Moral Panic at MIT". Minding The Campus.
12. Rodwell, Grant (2017). Moral Panics and School Educational Policy. Routledge Research in Education Policy and Politics. London, England: Taylor & Francis. Lk 188. ISBN 978-1351627818. Vaadatud 29. märtsil 2019. As with the "reds under the beds" moral panics of the post-World War II decades, moral panics have often been manufactured for political purposes [...].
13. McWhorter, John H. (2021). Woke Racism: How a New Religion Has Betrayed Black America. New York, NY: Portfolio/Penguin. ISBN 978-0-593-42307-3. OCLC 1260690368. [[[:Mall:GBurl]] Partial preview] at Google Books.
14. Brysk, Alison; Meade, Everard; Shafir, Gershon (2013). "1: Introduction: Constructing national and global insecurity". Shafir, Gershon; Meade, Everard; Aceves, William J. (toim-d). Lessons and Legacies of the War On Terror: From moral panic to permanent war. Routledge Critical Terrorism Studies. London: Routledge. Lk 1. ISBN 978-1136188749. Vaadatud 29. märtsil 2019. The contributors examine the social, cultural, and political drivers of the war on terror through the framework of a 'political moral panic.'
15. "Carol Morley: 'Mass hysteria is a powerful group activity'". The Guardian (inglise). 29. märts 2015. Vaadatud 2. juunil 2021.

Allikad

• Cohen, Stanley (2002). Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The Creation of the Mods and Rockers. London & New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-26712-0.
• Cohen, Stanley (2011). Folk Devils and Moral Panics. London & New York: Routledge. DOI:10.4324/9780203828250. ISBN 978-0-203-82825-0.
• Goode, Erich; Ben-Yehuda, Nachman (2009). Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-4051-8933-0.

Kirjandus

• Ajzenstadt, Mimi (2009). "Moral Panic and Neo-Liberalism: The Case of Single Mothers on Welfare in Israel". British Journal of Criminology. 49 (1): 68–87. DOI:10.1093/bjc/azn067. JSTOR 23639656. SSRN 1315135.
• Barron, Christie; Lacombe, Dany (2008). "Moral Panic and the Nasty Girl". Canadian Review of Sociology. 42: 51–69. DOI:10.1111/j.1755-618X.2005.tb00790.x.
• Ben-Yehuda, Nachman (1986). "The Sociology of Moral Panics: Toward a New Synthesis". The Sociological Quarterly. 27 (4): 495–513. DOI:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1986.tb00274.x.
• Ben-Yehuda, Nachman (2009). "Foreword: Moral Panics – 36 Years on". British Journal of Criminology. 49 (1): 1–3. DOI:10.1093/bjc/azn076. JSTOR 23639651.
• Boëthius, Ulf (1995). "Youth, the Media and Moral Panics". Fornäs, Johan; Bolin, Göran (toim-d). Youth Culture in Late Modernity. London & Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Lk 39–57. ISBN 978-0803988996.
• "[Moral Panic issue]". The British Journal of Criminology. Oxford University Press Academic. 49 (1). Jaanuar 2009.
• "Moral panic studies working paper series". College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences, Brunel University London. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 4. märts 2016.
• Colomb, Wendy; Damphousse, Kelly (2004). "Examination of Newspaper Coverage of Hate Crimes: A Moral Panic Perspective". American Journal of Criminal Justice. 28 (2): 147. DOI:10.1007/BF02885869. S2CID 145519152.
• Cree, Viviene E.; Clapton, Gary; Smith, Mark (2015). Revisiting moral panics. Bristol, UK; Chicago: Policy Press. ISBN 978-1447321859.
• Critcher, Chas (2008). "Moral Panic Analysis: Past, Present and Future". Sociology Compass. 2 (4): 1127–1144. DOI:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2008.00122.x.
• Critcher, Chas (2009). "Widening the Focus: Moral Panics as Moral Regulation". British Journal of Criminology. 49 (1): 17–34. DOI:10.1093/bjc/azn040. JSTOR 23639653. SSRN 1315133.
• Gill, Aisha K; Harrison, Karen (2015). "Child Grooming and Sexual Exploitation: Are South Asian Men the UK Media's New Folk Devils?". International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy. 4 (2): 34–49. DOI:10.5204/ijcjsd.v4i2.214. S2CID 54797987.
• Fitzgerald, Maureen H. (2005). "Punctuated Equilibrium, Moral Panics and the Ethics Review Process". Journal of Academic Ethics. 2 (4): 315–338. DOI:10.1007/s10805-005-9004-y. S2CID 145303045.
• Frankfurter, David (2008). Evil Incarnate: Rumors of Demonic Conspiracy and Satanic Abuse in History. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691136295.
• Gausel, Nicolay; Leach, Colin Wayne (2011). "Concern for Self-Image and Social Image in the Management of Moral Failure: Rethinking Shame". European Journal of Social Psychology. 41 (4): 468. DOI:10.1002/ejsp.803.
• Heathcott, Joseph (2011). "Moral Panic in a Plural Culture". CrossCurrents. 61: 39–44. DOI:10.1111/j.1939-3881.2010.00159.x. S2CID 143002118.
• Hier, S. P. (2002). "Conceptualizing Moral Panic Through a Moral Economy of Harm". Critical Sociology. 28 (3): 311–334. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.117.1290. DOI:10.1177/08969205020280030301. S2CID 16081774.
• Hunt, Arnold (1997). "'Moral Panic' and Moral Language in the Media". The British Journal of Sociology. 48 (4): 629–648. DOI:10.2307/591600. JSTOR 591600.
• Jasper, James M. (2001). "Moral Panics". Smelser, Neil J.; Baltes, Paul B. (toim-d). International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Amsterdam & New York: Elsevier. Lk 10029–10033. ISBN 978-0080430768.
• Jenkins, Philip (2009). "Failure to Launch: Why Do Some Social Issues Fail to Detonate Moral Panics?". British Journal of Criminology. 49 (1): 35–47. DOI:10.1093/bjc/azn016. JSTOR 23639654. SSRN 1315131.
• Klapp, Orrin E. (1954). "Heroes, Villains and Fools, as Agents of Social Control". American Sociological Review. 19 (1): 56–62. DOI:10.2307/2088173. JSTOR 2088173.
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• Kuzma, Cindy (28. september 2005). "Rights and liberties: sex, lies, and moral panics". AlterNet. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 19. mai 2008. Vaadatud 5. septembril 2008. Author affiliation: Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA).
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• Montana, Riccardo (2009). "Prosecutors and the Definition of the Crime Problem in Italy: Balancing the Impact of Moral Panics" (PDF). Criminal Law Forum. 20 (4): 471–494. DOI:10.1007/s10609-009-9108-y. S2CID 143090113.
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