István I Püha

István [ištva:n] I Püha (ka Stephan I Püha, umbes 975–1038) oli Ungari esimene kuningas alates 1001. aastast.

István I büst

István sai Ungari valitsejaks (vürstiks) pärast oma isa Géza surma 997. aastal. István viis lõpuni Ungari kuningriigi rajamise ja 1001. aastal kroonis paavst Sylvester II ta Saksa-Rooma keisri Otto III toetusel Ungari kuningaks ja Ungarist sai kuningriik.

Ungari kuningriik koosnes tänapäeva Ungari, Transilvaania (tänapäeval Rumeenias), Slovakkia, Ruteenia (tänapäeval Ukrainas), Vojvodina (tänapäeval Serbias), Burgenland (tänapäeval Austrias), Slavoonia, Horvaatia, Dalmaatsia (tänapäeval Horvaatias) ja mõnest väiksemast territooriumist ümber tänapäeva Ungari piiride.

Saksa-Rooma riigi territoorium u 1000. aastal

1028. aastal kaotas István I hõimuvürstide võimu, jaotas riigi komitaatideks, mille eesotsas seisid kuninga määratud išpanid ehk komitaadi ülemad. Jagas riigi maid alamatele ja kirikutele, luues nii Ungaris feodaalkorra. Võttis vastu katoliku usu, levitas seda oma rahva seas ja kuulutati selle eest 1038. aastal pühakuks.

1030. aastal lõi tagasi saksa feodaalide sissetungi.

Edela-Euroopa ja Ungari kuningriik u 1000. aastal

Poja Imre surma järel puudus kuningal väärikas järeltulija, sest István I ei pidanud oma onupoega Vazulit õigeks kristlaseks. Seepärast valis ta järeltulijaks oma noorema õe ja Veneetsia doodži Otto Orseolo poja Péter Orseolo. 1026. aastal, kui Veneetsia doodž kukutati ja põgenes Konstantinoopolisse, pagesid Péter ja ta ema Ungarisse.

Isiklikku ja järglased

Eelnev
Géza 		Ungari vürst
997–1001 		Järgnev
Ungari kuningas
Eelnev
Ungari vürst 		Ungari kuningas
1001–1038 		Järgnev
Péter Orseolo

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