Jean Picard

Jean Picard
Información personal
Nombre de nacimiento Jean-Felix Picard Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata
Nacimiento 21 de julio de 1620 Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata
La Flèche (Reino de Francia) Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata
Fallecimiento 12 de julio de 1682 Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata (61 años)
París (Reino de Francia) Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata
Sepultura Iglesia de San Medardo Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata
Nacionalidad Francesa
Religión Catolicismo Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata
Educación
Educado en Collège Henri-IV de La Flèche (hasta 1644) Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata
Alumno de Pierre Gassendi Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata
Información profesional
Ocupación Astrónomo, físico y sacerdote Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata
Área Astronomía Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata
Empleador Collège de France (desde 1655) Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata
Miembro de Academia de Ciencias de Francia Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata
Reloj solar de Jean Picard, en el frontón de la Sorbona

Jean Picard (La Flèche, 21 de julio de 1620-París, 12 de julio de 1682) fue un astrónomo, geodesta y sacerdote francés. Estudió en el colegio jesuita Henry Le Grand.

Se le considera fundador de la geodesia moderna: fue el primero en medir un arco de un grado del meridiano terrestre mediante triangulación con instrumentos provistos de lentes astronómicas con retícula. Dedujo el radio de la Tierra, supuestamente esférica, con una precisión hasta entonces inigualada (obtuvo 6328,9 km, siendo actualmente de 6357 km, es decir, un error del 0.44%). Sus trabajos también se centraron en la búsqueda de un patrón de longitud universal y en los métodos de nivelación para suministrar agua a las fuentes del palacio de Versalles.

En astronomía, realizó numerosas observaciones y mediciones —en trabajos de campo, para la geografía y el futuro mapa de Francia triangulado, del que sería el iniciador— y en el observatorio, en astronomía pura. Estableció un nuevo método para determinar las coordenadas ecuatoriales de los astros por su paso por el meridiano, publicó efemérides y en 1679 el primer Anuario Astronómico en lengua francesa. Como tal, se considera que Picard está en el origen del desarrollo de la astronomía de precisión.

También le interesaron la gnomónica y la dióptrica.

Reconocimientos

Obras publicadas

  • Mesure de la terre (1671): BnF, Gallica.
  • Traité du nivellement (1684): BnF, Gallica.

En las Mémoires de l'Académie royale des sciences, [1]:

  • Tomo VI, [2]:
    • Pratique des grands cadrans, p. 481;
    • Fragments de dioptrique, p. 550.
  • Tomo VII-I, [3]:
    • Voyage d'Uranibourg, p. 193;
    • Observations Astronomiques diverses, dans le Royaume, p. 358-429.

Véase también

Referencias

  1. «Picard». Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature (en inglés). Flagstaff: USGS Astrogeology Research Program. OCLC 44396779. 

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