1-cloro-2-pentino

 
1-cloro-1-pentino
Nombre IUPAC
1-cloropent-2-ino
General
Otros nombres Cloruro de 2-pentinilo
Fórmula semidesarrollada ClCH2-C≡C-CH2-CH3
Fórmula molecular C5H7Cl
Identificadores
Número CAS 22592-15-0[1]
ChemSpider 81022
PubChem 89764
UNII T3LZS61HD9
CCC#CCCl
Propiedades físicas
Apariencia Líquido
Densidad 980 kg/; 0,98 g/cm³
Masa molar 10 256 g/mol
Punto de fusión −15 °C (258 K)
Punto de ebullición 121 °C (394 K)
Presión de vapor 18,0 ± 0,2 mmHg
Índice de refracción (nD) 1,444
Propiedades químicas
Solubilidad en agua 1160 mg/L
log P 2,11
Familia Haloalquino
Peligrosidad
Punto de inflamabilidad 298 K (25 °C)
Compuestos relacionados
cloroalquinos 1-cloro-2-butino
cloroalcanos 1-cloropentano
cloroalquenos 1-cloro-2-penteno
Valores en el SI y en condiciones estándar
(25 y 1 atm), salvo que se indique lo contrario.

El 1-cloro-2-pentino, llamado también 1-cloropent-2-ino y cloruro de 2-pentinilo, es un compuesto orgánico de fórmula molecular C5H7Cl. Es un cloroalquino lineal de cinco carbonos con un átomo de cloro unido a uno de los carbonos terminales y un triple enlace entre los carbonos 2 y 3.[2][3][4]

Propiedades físicas y químicas

A temperatura ambiente, el 1-cloro-2-pentino es un líquido con una densidad de 0,980 g/cm³. Su punto de ebullición es 121 °C y su punto de fusión -15 °C, si bien ambos valores son estimados, no experimentales.[3]​ El valor del logaritmo de su coeficiente de reparto, logP = 2,11, revela que es más soluble en disolventes apolares que en disolventes polares. En agua, su solubilidad es de 1160 mg/L aproximadamente.[3]

Síntesis

La cloración de 2-pentino permite obtener 1-cloro-2-pentino, si bien el producto mayoritario es su isómero 4-cloro-2-pentino.[5]​ Asimismo, este cloroalquino puede ser sintetizado partiendo del 2-pentin-1-ol.[6]

Usos

El 1-cloro-2-pentino se emplea en reacciones de acoplamiento con alquinilsilanos ‌en presencia de una cantidad catalítica de ioduro de cobre (I) y una fuente de fluoruro para producir los correspondientes 1,4-diinos. La reacción puede ser promovida por fluoruro de cesio o fluoruro de tetrabutilamonio y requiere un disolvente polar como 1,3-dimetilimidazolidin-2-ona y una temperatura de 80 °C.[7]

El 1-cloro-2-pentino se puede usar para preparar acetato de (4Z,7Z)-4,7-decadien-1-ilo, feromona sexual de la polilla Batrachedra amydraula, que constituye una de las principales plagas para la palmera datilera en Oriente Medio y el norte de África.[8]​ También puede intervenir en la síntesis de 1,1,3,4,4,6-hexametil-1,2,3,4-tetrahidronaftaleno (HMT), intermediario en la producción de acetil HMT; este último compuesto se usa en perfumería por su olor a almizcle.[9]

Otro uso de este compuesto es su participación en la elaboración de derivados de sulfonamida que tienen aplicación en el tratamiento y/o profilaxis de trastornos autoinmunes, enfermedades inflamatorias y enfermedades cardiovasculares, entre otros.[10]​ Igualmente interviene en la producción de derivados de sordarina, agentes antifúngicos que se emplean en el tratamiento y/o prevención de infecciones fúngicas humanas y animales, así como en el control de hongos fitopatógenos en cultivos.[11]

Véase también

Los siguientes compuestos son isómeros del 1-cloro-2-pentino:

Referencias

Read other articles:

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