Boro



B

Al

berilioborokarbono

[2He] 2s2 2p1

B
5
↓Perioda tabelo de elementoj↓
kemia elemento • simpla substanco • lithophile
metaloido
Ĝeneralaj informoj
Nomo (latine), simbolo, numero boro (borium), B, 5
CAS-numero 7440-42-8
Loko en perioda tabelo 13-a grupo, 2-a periodo, bloko p
Karakteriza grupo Duonmetaloj
abundeco en terkrusto 0,0016 %
Nombro de naturaj izotopoj 2
Aspekto nigra
Atomaj ecoj
Relativa atompezo 10,811(7) amu
Atomradiuso 85(84) pm
Kovalenta radiuso 82 pm
Radiuso de van der Waals 192 pm
Elektrona konfiguracio [2He] 2s2 2p1
Oksidiĝa nombro 3
Fizikaj ecoj
Materia stato solida
Kristala strukturo romboedra
Denseco 2,46 g/cm3
Malmoleco 9,3 (Mohs-skalo)
Magneta konduto diamagnetisma
( = −19·10−6)
Degelpunkto 2076 °C (2349 K)
Bolpunkto 3930 °C (4203 K)
Molvolumeno 4,39.10-6 · 10−6 m3/mol
Rapido de sono (je 293,145 K) 16200 m/s
Specifa varmokapacito 1260 J/(kg · K)
Elektra konduktivo 0,1·10-3 S/m
Elektra rezistivo 10000 Ω · m
Termika konduktivo 27 W/(m · K)
Diversaj
Elektronegativeco 2 (Pauling-skalo)
Se ne estas indikite alie, estas uzitaj unuoj de SI kaj SVP.

Boro[1]Borio[2] estas kemia elemento de la perioda tabelo kun la simbolo B kaj atomnumero 5. Ĝi estas duvalenta metaloido.

Ĝi abundas en la naturo en la mineralo borakso (Na2B4O7•10H2O).

Historio

Mineraloj enhavantaj boron estas ekspluatitaj ekde antikveco ekde pluraj civilizacioj, interalie por fabriki vitron.

Boro

Boro estis izolita en 1808 (sed ne kiel aparta elemento) de Sir Humphry Davy, Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac kaj la barono Louis-Jacques Thénard (1777-1857)[3]. Jöns Jacob Berzelius malkovris boron kiel elementon en 1824.

Uzoj

Oni uzas boron interalie...

Komponaĵoj

Bildaro

Referencoj

  1. Boro rekomendita de L.L. Zamenhof en PIV [1]
  2. Borio rekomendita de Zdeněk Pluhař: Sistema ĥemia nomenklaturo en Esperanto (2011, 2-a versio) [2] paĝo 15.
  3. Personensuche (angle)

Vidu ankaŭ

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