It is believed that Yenisei Inscriptions belong to different Turkic tribes living in Yenisei region. Some of these inscriptions, which are usually erected as tombstones, are a few words, most of them 5-10 lines. These inscriptions are written in a plain and no exaggeration language.[3] It is often seen that the author tells in a sincere language that they left this world without being satiated. Traces of Shamanism is also seen in the inscriptions.[4]
Period
Yenisei inscriptions used unique letters instead of some of the Orkhon letters that we see in Orkhon inscriptions. These are more primitive than the letters used in Orkhon inscriptions. The texts used in the inscriptions are also primitive compared to the Orkhon inscriptions and there are no long texts since all are tombstones. Therefore, it is thought to have been written before the Orkhon inscriptions.[3][5] However, dating studies point to the 8th-9th centuries.[6]
History of investigation
By 1983, 145 inscriptions were known, by 2006 - 184 inscriptions,[10] and as of 2013, 225 inscriptions have been found.[11]
Inscriptions of Yenisei tribes
The inscriptions were named with the name of the river, village or region where they were first found, and were indicated with numbers such as E-1, E-50, e-150 in academic type. For example: Uyuk-Tarlak (Е-1), Barık I (Е-5), Barık II (Е-6), Elegest (Е-10), Begre (Е-11), Uybat I (Е-30) etc.[12][13][14][15]
E133 ( Kopön Altın Küp III / Kopyon Çaa-Tas Stone )
E134 ( Ust-Sos )
E135 ( Ust-Kulog )
E136 ( Mugur-Sargol I )
E137 ( Kres-Haya )
E138 ( Kara-Yüs II / Ozernaya )
E139 ( Çaptıkov Taşı / Çaptık Taşı )
E140 ( Mugur-Sargol II )
E141 ( Bow sheath from Aymırlıg Kurgan I / the inscription on the horn bow I )
E142 ( Bow sheath from Aymırlıg Kurgan II / the inscription on the horn bow II )
E143 ( Mirror IX )
E144 ( Novosyolovo )
E145 ( Mugur-Sargol III )
E146 ( - )
E147 ( Yeerbek I )
E148 ( Mugur-Sargol II )
E149 ( Yeerbek II )
E150 ( - )
E151 ( - )
E152 ( Şançı 3 )
E153 ( Alash I )
E154 ( Alash II )
E155 ( Lisiç'ya I )
E164 ( Adrianov )
References
^Kormushin, Igor (2019). "Yenisei runiform inscriptions and Turkic languages in the Yenisei Basin in the 8th - 10th centuries". Turkic Languages. 23 (2): 153–162.
^Rentzsch, Julian; Yıldız, Hülya (8 June 2020). "Uybat I". Uybat I. De Gruyter. p. 9. ISBN978-3-11-067577-1. The stele bears a carved-out human face at the bottom, of which Kormušin (1997: 91) states that archaeologists date it to no later than the 2nd millennium B.C.E. without specifying a concrete source. The stone was brought to the Mart'janov Museum of Local Lore in Minusinsk (Minusinskij regional'nyj kraevedčeskij muzej imeni N.M. Mart'janova) at the end of the 19th century, where it is kept under inventory no. 7 (Kormušin 1997: 91).
Yenisey Yenisei Inscriptions ZSU-37-2 Yenisei Ob–Yenisei Canal Yenisei Kyrgyz Upper Yenisei grayling Russian armoured train Yenisei Yenisei (rocket) Krasnoyarsk Bridge Yenisei electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917) Kyrgyz Khaganate Yeniseysk Governorate Yenisey Range Little Yenisey Kem (Yenisey) Yeniseian languages Old Turkic script Yenisey Gulf Enets language Yenisey railway station Dené–Yeniseian languages Great Yenisey Ussuri Cossacks Severo-Yeniseysky District List of minor planets: 15001–16000