27 villages burned,[1] estimates: 300 (April–July 1921)[2] Ottoman inquiry of 177 survivors reported 35 as killed, wounded, beaten, or missing.[1] 1,500 out of 7,000 Muslims remained in the region after the events[3] or 6,000 had disappeared.[4][5]
The Yalova Peninsula massacres were a series of massacres during 1920–1921, the majority of which occurred during March – May 1921. They were committed by local Greek and Armenian bands with the invading Hellenic Army,[1][6] against the TurkishMuslim population of the Yalova Peninsula.[6] There were 27 villages burned and in Armutlu.[1] According to journalist Arnold J. Toynbee c. 300 Muslims were killed during April–July 1921.[2] In an Ottoman inquiry of 177 survivors in Constantinople, the number of victims reported was very low (35), which is in line with Toynbee's descriptions that villagers fled after one to two murders.[9] Moreover, approximately 1,500 out of 7,000 Muslims remained in the region after the events[3] or 6,000 had left Yalova where 16 villages had been burned.[4] On the other hand, Ottoman and Turkish documents on massacres claim that at least 9,100 Muslim Turks were killed.[10]
The high death toll in the events convinced Toynbee that the Greeks were unfit to rule over Turks.[11] An Inter-Allied commission, consisting of British, French, American and Italian officers,[a] and headed by Maurice Gehri, the representative of the Geneva International Red Cross, and Arnold Toynbee went to the region to investigate the atrocities. Michael Smith claims that Circassian irregulars also took part in the massacres.[8]
One of the results was that refugees were transported to Allied-controlled Constantinople on ships.[3]
Two Muslim orphan children whose parents were killed.
The peninsula's population before World War I included an ethnically diverse population including Muslims, Greeks and Armenians. Many Muslim refugees had settled in this area during the 19th-century founding their own villages.[13] The Kaza of Orhangazi had a majority of Armenians, with a minority of Muslims (34%).[14] The kaza of Yalova had also a minority of Muslims in 1914 (36%), with Christians being also in majority (Greeks and Armenians). The Kaza of Gemlik was 57% Muslim but the town of Gemlik was almost entirely (90%) Greek by the time of the war.[1] Gemlik was surrounded by Greek, Armenian and Muslim Turkish villages. Most of the Armenians in the region were deported during the Armenian genocide and their villages burned. Only a small part, some 2,000, were present at Gemlik in 1921.[15] In 1921 there were 3,500 Greek refugees in Gemlik, mostly from areas around Iznik where they had been subject to Turkish atrocities.[15]
Population table of 1914.
Distribution of population in the region before World War I in 1914[16]
Religion
Gemlik
Yalova
Orhangazi
Muslims
16,373
7,954
11,884
Greeks
8,568
10,274
N/A
Armenians
3,348
3,304
22,726
Others
N/A
N/A
157
Total
28,289
21,532
33,767
An additional factor that lead to violence was the return of Greek refugees to their homes, who had been dislocated as a result of the Ottoman ethnic cleansing policies during World War I.[17] On the other hand, thousands of Turkish refugees from the Balkan wars, who had occupied their homes in the meantime, were expelled. This turn of events created a rural proletariat apt for brigandage and violence by irregular groups.[17] According to a report of the Allied commission the events during World War I and the problems of the refugees were not the primary reason of the thorough destruction of numerous Turkish villages and towns in the Gemlik-Yalova Peninsula. They stated that the massacres and destruction was carried out according to a plan by the Greek army who also encouraged the local Greek and Armenians to participate.[15][18]
Massacres in 1920–21 in Gemlik-Yalova Peninsula
Events between August 1920 and March 1921
Map of the affected areas and burnt villagesMurdered old man in Narli village.
After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I the peninsula was occupied by Great Britain. At the end of 1920 control of the region was ceded to Greek troops. The advance of the Greek forces in June–July 1920 eastwards, outside of the 'Smyrna zone', brought an inter ethnic conflict in the Izmit district[19] between Turkish and Greek regulars and some Circassian mercenaries,[20] the latter acting in a subordinate role according to Toynbee.[21] Turkish irregulars responded by attacking Christian villages in the Iznik region, east of Yalova and outside the area controlled by the Greek forces.[19] In the nearby city of Iznik, some 539 Greeks, 20 Armenians and 18 Jews were killed on 15 August 1920.[22] Greek and Armenian survivors from deportations of World War I who had returned to their villages were also subject of atrocities, massacres and village burnings by Turkish gangs. Most of these atrocities happened in villages east of lake Iznik.[15] The documents in the Ottoman archives accuse the Christian emigres of committing the same atrocities and this is agreed by the western allied report.[15][23] During the battles in spring 1920 between Turkish and Greek forces, the Greek advance failed.[19]
Ever since summer 1920 the Greek forces held an extensive and largely Muslim area, in which groups of nationalist Turks engaged in espionage along with the Turkish Kuva-yi Milliye bands operating against the Greek lines of communication.[19] In the aftermath of the Greek failure, Greek troops took vengeance on Turkish villages which they suspected of harbouring anti-Greek activity and in search of hidden weapons.[15] The Ottoman documents indicate that the local Turkish villages were disarmed and so became easy prey to the local Greek/Armenian gangs to plundered them.[1][23]
Following the Greek occupation complaints were made by the local Turkish population to the Ottoman and Allied authorities against Greek atrocities but apparently without much effect. In a report from the Ottoman gendarmerie of Balikesir region to the gendarmerie headquarters it was stated that since the Greek occupation (August 1920) the Turkish population was subjected to cases of killings, torture, rape and theft.[1][23] The weapons of the Muslim population were collected and handed over to the local Greeks and Armenians. According to Ottoman archive documents, the villages of Dutluca (7 September 1920), Bayırköy and Paşayayla in the region of Orhangazi were burned and the population massacred.[23] In the Yalova area, the village of Çınarcık was looted and locals mistreated, some killed.[23][24]
The Greek army captured Orhangazi on 16 October 1921 after resistance by Turkish militias. The next day there was a massacre in the nearby Turkish village of Çakırlı, men were locked in the local mosque where they were burned alive and shot.[23][24] Two days later on 18 October 1921 the nearby Turkish village of Üreğil (consisted of 90 families) was burned down.[24] On 16 April, the some 1,000 Turkish inhabitants of Orhangazi were sent to Gemlik by the Greek army while the town was partially burned down[1] the same day by the Greeks. The refugees reached Gemlik under very difficult circumstances, most were robbed and some killed on the way.[4] They were later evacuated by the Allied commission to Istanbul by boat. The next day on 17 April, there was a massacre[24] in the village of Gedelek which was burned.[4] The Ottoman gendarmerie reported the attack on the village of Ali Al Sabah. On 10 May 1921 the village was looted by Christian paramilitaries and the women were raped.[1]
Investigation of the Allied commission (13–23 May 1921)
The British warship Bryony which transported the commission.The commissionMembers of the interallied humanitarian mission
Finally in May 1921, an Inter-Allied commission, consisting of British, French, American and Italian officers,[a] and the representative of the Geneva International Red Cross, Maurice Gehri, was set up to investigate the situation. They sailed with the ship "Bryony" and reached Gemlik on 12 May.[4] On 13 May 1921 the commission started on his investigation by visiting the burned villages of Çertekici, Çengiler (Armenian village burned by Turks) and Gedelek. In Çertekici they found 4 Greek soldiers committing arson to remaining buildings. Then they returned to Gemlik.[4] Here they listened to the Turkish refugees who had gathered there, most of them were from Orhangazi which was burnt by the Greek army one month before, on 16 April.[4] The refugees complained that they had been robbed on the way to Gemlik by Greeks and Armenians.[4] The commission listened to various cases; including the rape and torture of a sixty years old women by six Greek soldiers.[4]
Wounded woman in Kapakli by bayonet
The commission listened to the Turkish refugees from Orhangazi.[4] On 14 May the commission listened to the cases of the Greek and Armenian refugees.[4] On Sunday 15 May the commission found out that the Turkish villages of Kapaklı, Narlı and Karacaali were burning, the same evening they went by the boat Bryony to the shore of Karacaali and found on the beach the corpses of 11 Turks who had been killed several hours before with bayonets.[4] The next day they went to Kapaklı, where they found 8 bodies, 4 of them women. They listened to the people in Karacaali who declared that 40 women had been taken away by the Greeks.[4]
On 16 May the commission went to the village of Küçük Kumla, the local Turkish population was hiding in their houses out of fear, but when they realized it was the Allied commission a group of 1,000 villagers gathered around them. They told that the situation was terrible since one month and that last Thursday a group of 60–65 Greek soldiers accompanied by 40 Greek civilians came to the village and killed three men and wounded one woman.[4] The day before another Greek group had killed 8–9 people.[4][15] Later that day the commission went to the village of Kapaklı which had been burning for three days. They found 8 bodies under the rubble, 4 of them women.[4] The survivors told the commission that Greek soldiers were responsible.[4] Then the commission investigated the village of Narlı, which had been burned down[4] and was still burning. The commission found similar cases in the area around Yalova where 16 Muslim villages had been burned down.[4] They landed there on 21 May and after investigation, found the twin villages of Kocadere destroyed, then they returned to Constantinople on 22 May.[15]
Transport of the refugees
Muslim refugees from Yalova in Constantinople.Evacuation of the Muslims to Constantinople.
It became clear to the commission that between March – May 1921 the population had been massacred or fled on a very large scale. Almost all villages and towns had been burned, while the survivors were crammed up in a few locations. First the villages were plundered and almost all of the villagers' livestock were taken away from them,[6] then there was raping and killing and finally their houses were burned. Muslims were hiding in the mountains around Gemlik fearing to be killed.[15] To protect the Muslims of further atrocities, the allied commission decided to transport refugees with boats to Istanbul.[6] Muslims around Gemlik were evacuated in several parties to Constantinople.[15] But Greek officers insisted on retaining the able bodied men guaranteeing proper treatment, the commission accepted.[15] In the north, one small vessel carried 320 mostly women and children from Yalova to Constantinople.[3] The Greek commander tried to prevent their departure.[3] Later two more transports took place.[3]
Conclusion of the Allied commission
A boy wounded and hand cut off
The Inter-Allied commission, consisting of British, French, American and Italian officers,[a] and the representative of the Geneva International Red Cross, Maurice Gehri, prepared two separate collaborative reports on their investigations in the Yalova-Gemlik Peninsula. These reports found that Greek forces committed systematic atrocities against the Turkish inhabitants.[25] And the commissioners mentioned the "burning and looting of Turkish villages", the "explosion of violence of Greeks and Armenians against the Turks", and "a systematic plan of destruction and extinction of the Moslem population".[26] In their report of 23 May 1921, the Inter-Allied commission stated as follows:[18]
A distinct and regular method appears to have been followed in the destruction of villages, group by group, for the last two months... there is a systematic plan of destruction of Turkish villages and extinction of the Muslim population. This plan is being carried out by Greek and Armenian bands, which appear to operate under Greek instructions and sometimes even with the assistance of detachments of regular troops.
According to Maurice Gehri the massacres in the Gemlik-Yalova Peninsula were a result of the defeat of the Greek army at the Battle of İnönü.[21]
"At the time of our investigation, the Peninsula of Samanli- Dagh [the Yalova-Gemlik Peninsula] was behind the Greek front, and it has never been a theatre of hostilities since the beginning of the Greek occupation. Until March last, the region was quiet. The crimes which have come to our knowledge fall within the last two months (end of March to the 15th May). They are subsequent to the retreat of the Greek army after the defeat of Eski Shehir [In Önü]. Possibly they are a consequence of it." – Maurice Gehri
The later famous historian Arnold J. Toynbee was active in the area as a war reporter, Toynbee stated that he and his wife were witnesses to the atrocities perpetrated by Greeks in the Yalova, Gemlik, and Izmit areas and they not only obtained abundant material evidence in the shape of "burnt and plundered houses, recent corpses, and terror stricken survivors" but also witnessed robbery by Greek civilians and arsons by Greek soldiers in uniform in the act of perpetration.[27]
Legacy
The village of Kocadere[28] and Akköy[29] commemorate each year their victims at their respective local monument. Turkish writer Mehmet Ballı is the author of the historical novel Engere focusing on the events.[30]
Population partly massacred, village plundered and burned.
Total Population:
12,430
Total Massacred: >9,143
Burned villages around Yalova according to Toynbee
List of villages destroyed in the Yalova district during April and May 1921, according to Arnold Toynbee[21]
Name of villages
Original number of houses
Number of houses burned
Çalıca
40–50
all
Kurtköy
100
all
Ortaburun
40
all
Güllük
50–60
all
Gökçedere
30–40
all
Üvezpınar
50–60
all
Paşaköy
80–90
all
Sığırcık
80
all
Kirazlı
60
all
Yortan
40–60
all
Dereköy
40–60
all
Resadiye
400
all
Sultaniye
10–40
all
Gacık
100
half
Total
1,160–1,300
14½ villages burned
A farm named Şükrü Efendi Çiftliği was also burned. NOTE.—The district covered by the above villages, together with Akköy and Samanlı, is less than a quarter of the total area of the Yalova–Gemlik peninsula, the boundaries of which, on the land side, roughly coincide with the road from Gemlik to Yalova via Pazarköy.
^ abHofmann, Tessa (2016). "Yalova/Nicomedia 1920/1921. Massacres and Inter- Ethnic Conflict in a Failing State". The Displacement, Extinction and Genocide of the Pontic Greeks. 1916-1923. Ruhr University Bochum: 8. The British journalist and historian Arnold Joseph Toynbee, who was war correspondent for the "Manchester Guardian" on the Yalova Peninsula from April until 3 July 1921, suggests a total of 300 Muslim victims.
^ abcdefMcNeill, William H. (1989). Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life. Oxford University Press. ISBN9780199923397. To protect their flanks from harassment, Greek military authorities then encouraged irregular bands of armed men to attack and destroy Turkish populations of the region they proposed to abandon. By the time the Red Crescent vessel arrived at Yalova from Constantinople in the last week of May, fourteen out of sixteen villages in that town's immediate hinterland had been destroyed, and there were only 1,500 survivors from the 7,000 Moslems who had been living in these communities.
^ abcdefToynbee, Arnold Joseph (1970). The Western Question in Greece and Turkey:A Study in the Contact of Civilizations(The full version can be found here (Online reports of Arnold Toynbee)). H. Fertig, originally: University of California. pp. 283–284. 'The members of the Commission consider that, in the part of the kazas of Yalova and Guemlek occupied by the Greek army, there is a systematic plan of destruction of Turkish villages and extinction of the Moslem population. This plan is being carried out by Greek and Armenian bands, which appear to operate under Greek instructions and sometimes even with the assistance of detachments of regular troops{{cite book}}: External link in |format= (help)
^Gingeras, Ryan (2009). Sorrowful Shores:Violence, Ethnicity, and the End of the Ottoman Empire 1912-1923. Oxford University Press. p. 28. ISBN9780191609794. In total only thirty-five were reported to have been killed, wounded, beaten, or missing. This is in line with the observations of Arnold Toynbee, who declared that one to two murders were sufficient to drive away the population of a village.
^Ryan Gingeras (26 February 2009). Sorrowful Shores : Violence, Ethnicity, and the End of the Ottoman Empire 1912–1923: Violence, Ethnicity, and the End of the Ottoman Empire 1912–1923. OUP Oxford. pp. 11–. ISBN978-0-19-956152-0.
^ abcdefARŞİV BELGELERİNE GÖRE BALKANLAR'DA VE ANADOLU'DA YUNAN MEZÂLİMİ(PDF). Ankara: T.C. BAŞBAKANLIK DEVLET ARŞİVLERİ GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ Osmanlı Arşivi Daire Başkanlığı. 1996. pp. 103–112–167–171–188–203–234. ISBN9751910560. Retrieved 14 June 2014. Yalova'ya bağlı Çınarcık köyünde halkın camiye doldurulup kamçı ve sopayla dövüldüğü, paralarının alındığı, bu sırada birkaç kişinin öldüğü...Çınarcık village tortured in mosque...Orhangazi'ye bağlı Tutluca, Paşayaylası, Bayırköy köylerinin yakılıp ahalisinin öldürüldüğü,... Tutluca, Paşayaylası, Bayırköy burned and massacred...Yalova'nın köyler ve diğer yerlerle irtibatını kestikleri, bütün silahları toplayıp, ekmek bıçaklarının dahi uçlarını kırarak, halkı her türlü müdafaa aletinden yoksun bıraktıkları, buna karşılık Hıristiyanları silahlandırıp faciaya zemin hazırladıkları...Weapons of Muslims, even small knives collected, were left defenseless, villages isolated, Christians were armed.
^ abcdSofuoğlu, Adnan. KURTULUŞ SAVAŞI DÖNEMİNDE KOCAELİ - YALOVA – İZNİK (XVIII, 54 ed.). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi. pp. 795–796–797–798–799–800–801–802–803–804–805–806–807–808–809–810–811–812–813–814. Retrieved 12 June 2014. Bu esnada Orhangazi'den yedi, Çakırlı Köyünden yirmi kişi kurşuna dizilerek öldürüldü. Üreyil ve Çakırlı köyleri halkı feci bir şekilde toptan katl ve idam edildi. Malları ise yağmalandı...In the meantime, seven in Orhangazi, and twenty people in Çakırlı were shot dead. In Üreyil and the village of Çakırlı wholesale murder was executed in a catastrophic way. their goods had been looted...Orhangazi civarında (Ureyil ve Çakırlı) İslam karyelerindeki silahlar toplanarak ahalisi feci bir surette kâmilen katl ve idam edilerek malları yağma ve haneleri ihrak olunmuştur...Near Orhangazi the Muslim villages of (Üreğil and Çakırlı) weapons of the local people were collected, and tragic murders,executions, looting took place and their houses were burned.
^Toynbee 1922, p. 285: ‘Maurice Gehri stated in his report that "...elements of the Greek army of occupation have been employed in the extermination of the Muslim population of the Yalova-Gemlik peninsula."’
^Sevan Nişanyan. "Teşvikiye". Index Anatolicus (in Turkish). Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^Sevan Nişanyan. "Ortaburun". Index Anatolicus (in Turkish). Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^"Yalova Valiliği". İlçeler, Çınarcık, Köyler (in Turkish). Retrieved 29 May 2014.
^Sevan Nişanyan. "Üvezpınar". Index Anatolicus (in Turkish). Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^Sevan Nişanyan. "Soğucak". Index Anatolicus (in Turkish). Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^Sevan Nişanyan. "Güneyköy". Index Anatolicus (in Turkish). Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^Sevan Nişanyan. "Esadiye". Index Anatolicus (in Turkish). Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^Sevan Nişanyan. "Mecidiye". Index Anatolicus (in Turkish). Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^Sevan Nişanyan. "Haydariye". Index Anatolicus (in Turkish). Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^Sevan Nişanyan. "Sultaniye". Index Anatolicus (in Turkish). Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^ abcGeneral Hare, the British Delegate; General Bunoust, the French Delegate; General Dall'Olio, the Italian Delegate; Admiral Bristol, the American Delegate.
Alessandro Mazzucotelli Deputato del Regno d'ItaliaLegislaturaXXVIII, XXIX Sito istituzionale Dati generaliProfessioneartigiano Alessandro Mazzucotelli (Lodi, 30 dicembre 1865 – Milano, 29 gennaio 1938) è stato un artigiano italiano, particolarmente noto come mastro ferraio e decoratore. Specialista nel ferro battuto, Mazzucotelli ha legato la sua fama alle decorazioni delle opere dei maggiori esponenti del Liberty in Italia e all'estero. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Onorificenze 3 Opere 3.1 I...
Esta página cita fontes, mas que não cobrem todo o conteúdo. Ajude a inserir referências. Conteúdo não verificável pode ser removido.—Encontre fontes: ABW • CAPES • Google (N • L • A) (Setembro de 2021) Atlético Mineiro vs. Botafogo Galo versus Glorioso Torcidas de Atlético e Botafogo. Informações gerais Atlético-MG 36 vitória(s), 170 gol(s) Botafogo 51 vitória(s), 204 gol(s) Empates 26 Total de jogos 113 Total de...
TempranilloAnggur (Vitis)Tempranillo di Viala & Vermorelkulit beriNoirSpesiesVitis viniferaJuga disebutCencibel, Tinta Roriz, dll.AsalSpanyolKawasan terkenalRioja, SpainRibera del Duero, Spain (lainnya)Minuman anggur terkenalVega Sicilia Bodegas López de HerediaResikoMembusuk Tempranillo (juga dikenal sebagai Ull de Llebre, Cencibel, Tinto Fino dan Tinta del Pais di Spanyol, serta Aragonez atau Tinta Roriz di Portugal, dan beberapa sinonim lainnya di tempat lain) adalah varietas anggur h...
『ラ・グロリア』スペイン語: La Gloria英語: The Glory作者ティツィアーノ・ヴェチェッリオ製作年1551年 - 1554年種類キャンバスに油彩寸法346 cm × 240 cm (136 in × 94 in)所蔵プラド美術館、 スペイン マドリード 『ラ・グロリア』（西: La Gloria、英: The Glory）は、イタリア盛期ルネサンスのヴェネツィア派の巨匠ティツィアーノ・ヴェチェッリオ
Barang kristal di Musée Baccarat Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Musée Baccarat. Musée Baccarat merupakan sebuah museum pribadi kristal Baccarat yang terletak di arondisemen ke-16 di 11, place des Etats-Unis, Paris, Prancis. Dibuka setiap hari kecuali Minggu, Selasa, dan hari libur; harga masuk ditetapkan. Museum ini didirikan di bekas puri Marie-Laure de Noailles, dengan dekorasi oleh Philippe Starck. Memiliki sejumlah karya yang dibuat oleh Baccarat untuk pameran dunia dan eksp...
Army of the Kingdom of Macedonia during the Antigonid dynasty (276-168 BC) This article is about the army of the Kingdom of Macedonia under the Antigonid dynasty. For the army of the Kingdom of Macedonia under Philip II and Alexander the Great, see Ancient Macedonian army. Antigonid Macedonian armyFresco of an Ancient Macedonian soldier (thorakitai) wearing chainmail armor and bearing a thureos shield, 3rd century BC; Archeological Museum in Istanbul.Active276-168, 150-148 BCCountryKingdom of...
1899 book by Winston Churchill The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan AuthorWinston ChurchillIllustratorAngus McNeillCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishSubjectconquest of Sudan (1896–1899)GenreMilitary historyPublisherLongmans, Green and Co.Publication date1899Media typeHardcoverPages400OCLC2704682LC ClassDT108.5 .C56 1899 Winston Churchill, 1899 The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan (1899), by Winston Churchill, is a h...
1999 studio album by Dragana Mirković and Zlaja BandU godiniStudio album by Dragana Mirković and Zlaja BandReleasedJanuary 28, 1999GenreAtlantic RecordsLabelPGP RTS, Grand ProductionDragana Mirković and Zlaja Band chronology Kojom gorom(1997) U godini(1999) Sama(2000) U godini is the fifteenth studio album by Serbian singer Dragana Mirković and a collaborative album with Zlaja Band. It was released in 1999.[1] Track listing U godini (In the year) Koliko je prevarenih (How ...
American artist (born 1966) Tom SachsTom Sachs in April 2022Born (1966-07-26) July 26, 1966 (age 57)New York City, USKnown forSculptureSpouse Sarah Hoover (m. 2012) Tom Sachs (born July 26, 1966) is an American contemporary artist who lives and works in New York City. Life and early career Sachs was born in New York City on July 26, 1966, and raised as a Reform Jew.[1] He grew up in Westport, Connecticut, attending high school at Greens Farms A...
Indian actor and TV presenter AliAli in 2019Born (1967-10-10) 10 October 1967 (age 56)[1]Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaOccupationsActortelevision presenterYears active1978–presentOfficeElectronic Media Adviser to Government of Andhra PradeshTerm27 October 2022 - IncumbentPolitical partyYSR Congress PartySpouseZubeda SultanaRelativesKhayyum (brother)AwardsFilmfare Award for Best Comedian – Telugu Ali (born 10 October 1967) is an Indian actor, comedian, and TV presente...
1997 Indian filmDamuFilm posterDirected byRaja SenScreenplay byMohit ChatterjeeStory byNarayan GangopadhyayBased onPanchaananer HaatiProduced by Ashok Bose Tapas Ghosh Raja Sen Starring Raghuvir Yadav Tarun Kumar Chatterjee Sabyasachi Chakrabarty Rimi Sen Gyanesh Mukherjee CinematographyShakti BanerjeeEdited bySnehasish GangulyMusic byJatileshwar MukherjeeRelease date13 June 1997Running time2:36:00CountryIndiaLanguageBengali Damu (Bengali: দামু) is a 1996 Indian Bengali-language drama...
American record producer, songwriter, rapper, and singer (born 1973) Pharrell WilliamsWilliams in 2019BornPharrell Lanscilo Williams[1] (1973-04-05) April 5, 1973 (age 50)Virginia Beach, Virginia, U.S.Other names Pharrell Skateboard P Sk8brd Auto Goon Magnum, the Verb Lord Station Wagon P Occupations Record producer songwriter rapper singer fashion designer entrepreneur Years active1990–presentWorksDiscographyco-productionsolo productionSpouse Helen Lasichanh R...
1994 video gameBansheeDeveloper(s)Core DesignPublisher(s)Core DesignPlatform(s)Amiga, Amiga CD32Release1994Genre(s)Scrolling shooterMode(s)Single-player, two-player Banshee is a vertically scrolling shooter released for the Amiga 1200 and Amiga CD32 in 1994 by Core Design. The game was ranked the 39th best Amiga game of all time by Amiga Power in 1996.[1] References ^ Amiga Power magazine issue 64, Future Publishing, August 1996 External links Banshee at uvlist.net Banshee at the Amig...
Studio album by Neal McCoyThe Luckiest Man in the WorldStudio album by Neal McCoyReleasedUnreleasedGenreCountryLabelWarner Bros. NashvilleProducerEric SilverNeal McCoy chronology 24-7-365(2000) The Luckiest Man in the World(Unreleased) That's Life(2006) The Luckiest Man in the World is the ninth studio album recorded by American country music artist Neal McCoy. It was scheduled to be released in January 2003 on Warner Bros. Records, but was never released.[1] The album's only ...
Battle on 30 March 1814 during the War of 1812 For homonymy, see Lacolle. Battle of Lacolle MillPart of the War of 1812Lacolle Mills BlockhouseDateMarch 30, 1814LocationLacolle, Quebec, Lower CanadaResult British victoryBelligerents United Kingdom Lower Canada United StatesCommanders and leaders Richard Handcock James WilkinsonStrength 500 4,000Casualties and losses 61 killed44 wounded4 missing[1][2] 254 killed128 wounded13 missing[1][2] The Battle ...
Эрнст-Феликс Крюдер Дата рождения 6 декабря 1897(1897-12-06) Место рождения Гамбург, Германская империя Дата смерти 8 мая 1941(1941-05-08) (43 года) Место смерти Индийский океан Род деятельности военнослужащий Принадлежность Германская империя Веймарская республика Третий рейх Ро...
Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada. Busca fuentes: «Arnold Vosloo» – noticias · libros · académico · imágenesEste aviso fue puesto el 21 de octubre de 2020. Arnold Vosloo Vosloo en 2009.Información personalNacimiento 16 de junio de 1962 (62 años) Pretoria, SudáfricaNacionalidad Estadounidense SudafricanoLengua materna Afrikáans Características físicasAltura 1,88 m (6′ 2″)FamiliaPadres Johannes...
Dalam nama Korean ini, nama keluarganya adalah Kim. Son Seong-yoonSon Seong-yoon pada tahun 2019Lahir24 Agustus 1984 (umur 39)Nama lainSon Sung-yoonAlmamaterUniversitas Kyonggi – Jurusan Multimedia dan PencitraanPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif2005–sekarangAgenWoongbin ENS Son Seong-yoonHangul손성윤 Hanja孫星允 Alih AksaraSonseong-yun Son Seong-yoon (Korea: 손성윤, lahir Kim Min-jung lahir 24 Agustus 1984)[1] adalah pemeran Korea Selatan. Ia adalah alumni dari U...
